Figure 2. Summary of associations of genetically predicted smoking initiation, lifetime smoking, and alcohol consumption with 24 gastrointestinal diseases.

UVMR, univariable Mendelian randomization; MVMR, multivariable Mendelian randomization. The numbers in the box are the odds ratios for associations of exposure for gastrointestinal diseases. The association with a p-value <0.05 but Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-value >0.05 was regarded suggestive, and the association with a Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-value <0.05 was deemed significant.