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. 2023 Mar 15;13(3):e9846. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9846

TABLE 2.

Model structures and summaries for the effect of carrying a geolocators (GLS) on the eight response variables.

Response Type of model Family (link) Model structure Explanatory variable df Estimate SE Type III test Test value p Value N
Duration of incubation bouts GLMM Gamma (inverse) Duration ~ GLS*sex + (1|pair) + (1|individual) Intercept 738 0.00008 0.000009 Chi sq. 73.68 <.001 745 bouts from 48 individuals from 24 pairs
GLS −0.00005 0.000012 15.82 <.001
Sex 0.00006 0.000016 13.78 <.001
GLS:sex −0.00005 0.000019 8.09 .032
Duration of short trips GLMM Gamma (inverse) Duration ~ GLS + sex + session + GLS:sex + GLS:session + (1|pair) + (1|individual) Intercept 658 0.00014 0.000008 Chi sq. 309.23 <.001 667 trips from 46 individuals from 23 pairs
GLS −0.00002 0.000012 2.43 .952
Sex 0.00001 0.000008 2.45 .936
Session −0.00002 0.000007 10.05 .016
GLS:sex 0.00001 0.000014 0.15 1
GLS:session 0.00002 0.000012 3.34 .536
Duration of long trips GLMM Gamma (inverse) Duration ~ GLS + sex + session + GLS:sex + GLS:session + (1|pair) + (1|individual) Intercept 190 0.00003 0.000002 Chi sq. 235.81 <.001 199 trips from 46 individuals from 23 pairs
GLS 0.00001 0.000003 18.31 <.001
Sex 0.00000 0.000002 0.1 1
Session −0.00001 0.000002 37.27 <.001
GLS:sex 0.00000 0.000003 0.24 1
GLS:session −0.00001 0.000003 18.94 <.001
Coordination index LM Coordination index ~ GLS Intercept 17 0.13571 0.149198 F value 0.83 1 Indices from 19 pairs
GLS 0.36392 0.265500 1.88 1
Hatching success GLM Binomial (logit) Success ~ GLS GLS 30 2.19722 0.745295 LR. Chi sq. 0.3 1 Success from 32 pairs
Growth rate's asymptote LM Asymptote ~ GLS Intercept 22 122.29493 3.167373 F value 1490.8 <.001 Growth rate parameters from 24 pairs
GLS −3.11216 5.172299 0.36 1
Growth rate's X mid LM X mid ~ GLS Intercept 22 199.23435 0.807368 F value 60895.51 <.001
GLS 0.47567 1.318427 0.13 1
Growth rate's scale LM Scale ~ GLS Intercept 22 3.75433 0.146449 F value 657.19 <.001
GLS 0.03522 0.239150 0.02 1

Note: Significant explanatory variables are indicated by a bold p value.

Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; Estimate, unstandardized effect size indicating the relationship between the response variable and each explanatory variable; N, sample size of specific models; SE, standard error.