Figure 10 – Promotion of CSQ Ca²⁺ buffering effects inhibits SCRs, DADs and SAPs.

A) Promoting Ca²⁺ buffering by CSQ monotonically increases the rate threshold of SCRs (i), DADs (ii), and SAPs (iii). This effect is enhanced in cells with dense and intermediate tubular structures vs cells with sparse tubules. B) Effect of altered CSQ-mediated Ca²⁺ buffering on voltage (i) and global cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration (ii) in cells with sparse (left), intermediate (middle), and dense (right) tubules following pacing at 3 Hz to examine the occurrence of DADs and SCRs.