TABLE 2.
Physiological and anatomical variables in relationship with objective functional improvement.
| Pre-TAVR | Post-TAVR | Pre- vs. Post-TAVR | ||||||
|
Functional improvement N = 169 |
Not functional improvement N = 39 |
P-value |
Functional improvement N = 169 |
Not functional improvement N = 39 |
P-value |
Functional improvement P-value |
Not functional improvement P-value |
|
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 60 (50–67) | 62 (51–69) | 0.70 | 64 (55–70) | 56 (47–67) | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.26 |
| Stroke volume index (ml/m2) | 45.5 ± 14 | 42.9 ± 15.4 | 0.20 | 48.8 ± 13 | 48.8 ± 15.3 | 0.79 | 0.006 | 0.054 |
| Interventricular septum (mm) | 14.2 ± 2.5 | 14 ± 2.7 | 0.70 | 13.4 ± 2.2 | 13.7 ± 2.8 | 0.67 | 0.0006 | 0.38 |
| Posterior wall (mm) | 12.7 ± 2.3 | 13.3 ± 2.6 | 0.10 | 12.1 ± 2.2 | 12.8 ± 2.3 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.30 |
| Maximal aortic gradient (mmHg) | 82 (70–97.4) | 65.6 (55–83.2) | 0.003 | 22 (17.5–29) | 18.5 (15.7–25) | 0.03 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Mean aortic gradient (mmHg) | 47 (40.5–57) | 39.4 (30.3–51) | 0.004 | 11 (9–14) | 9.5 (8–13.5) | 0.06 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Aortic valve área (cm2) | 0.7 (0.57–0.86) | 0.73 (0.6–0.94) | 0.23 | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 0.052 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Indexed aortic valve área (cm2/m2) | 0.4 (0.32–0.5) | 0.42 (0.34–0.54) | 0.26 | 1 (0.9–1.22) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.06 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Energy loss index (cm2/m2) | 0.44 (0.35–0.5) | 0.48 (0.4–0.63) | 0.29 | 1.5 (1.14–2) | 1.5 (0.9–2.2) | 0.96 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| LVOT velocity/Aortic valve velocity | 0.2 (0.16–0.25) | 0.23 (0.19–0.28) | 0.09 | 0.5 (0.42–0.6) | 0.56 (0.4–0.64) | 0.23 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Sphygmocor XCEL | ||||||||
| Central SBP (mmHg) | 130 ± 19.2 | 136.5 ± 20.7 | 0.04 | 139 ± 19 | 136 ± 21.5 | 0.44 | 0.0001 | 0.75 |
| Central DBP (mmHg) | 72 (65–80) | 80 (68–90) | 0.01 | 80 (72–86) | 77 (70–89) | 0.66 | 0.0001 | 0.87 |
| Central PP | 56.8 ± 17.6 | 57.8 ± 15.7 | 0.34 | 59.3 ± 15.4 | 57 ± 15.6 | 0.34 | 0.046 | 0.001 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 12.6 ± 3 | 0.20 | 14.3 ± 3.3 | 15 ± 3 | 0.70 | 0.0001 | 0.0004 |
| Amplification phenomenon | 24 (18–32) | 22 (14–29) | 0.15 | 20 (14–28) | 19 (10–24) | 0.15 | 0.0001 | 0.07 |
| Augmentation index75 | 41.7 ± 16.2 | 32.6 ± 14.5 | 0.006 | 31 ± 12.6 | 29 ± 13 | 0.47 | 0.0001 | 0.22 |
| Systemic vascular resistance (dyna.seg.cm–5) | 1,376.5 (1,051–1704.5) | 1,362 (1,029–1,793) | 0.77 | 1,380 (1,062–1,721) | 1,347.5 (1,002–1,684) | 0.64 | 0.70 | 0.14 |
| Aortic distensibility (cm2 dyna–1 10–6) | ||||||||
| TTE | 1 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 0.07 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.62 |
| TEE | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 0.26 | 1.2 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.9 | 0.31 | 0.72 | 0.17 |
| Valvuloarterial impedance (Zva) (mmHg.ml–1.m–2) | 4.1 (3.3–5.1) | 4.2 (3.6–5.7) | 0.22 | 3.2 (2.63–3.9) | 3.2 (2.6–4.3) | 0.98 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Functional status assessment | ||||||||
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 1,772 (727–4,263.5) | 1,718 (667–3,156) | 0.74 | 524 (236–1,195.8) | 1,371.5 (425.8–2,906.5) | 0.009 | 0.0001 | 0.62 |
| 6 min walking test (m) | 236 ± 107.1 | 273 ± 110 | 0.13 | 279.2 ± 110.7 | 237.1 ± 120 | 0.04 | 0.0004 | 0.01 |
Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (25–75th interquartile range), depending on the variable distribution. TAVR, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement; SVi, stroke volume index; LVOT, Left ventricular outflow tract; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; PP, Pulse pressure; TTE, Transthoracic echocardiogram; TEE, Transesophageal echocardiogram; Zva, Valvuloarterial impedance; NT-proBNP, N-terminal-pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide.