. 2023 Mar 2;14:1059458. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1059458

Table 3.

Means and (standard deviations) for age group, univariate F-values, and (f Cohen) for adjustment (self-esteem, emotional self-concept, and empathy) and maladjustment (aggression and hostile sexism) criteria.

	Age				F(3, 2,126)	Value of p
	Adolescents (12–18 years old)	Young adults (19–35 years old)	Middle-aged adults (36–59 years old)	Older adults (>60 years old)	F(3, 2,126)	Value of p
Adjustment
Self-esteem	2.53^b	2.57^a	2.59^{a, 1}	2.55ª^{, 2}	9.23	< 0.001
	(0.20)	(0.19)	(0.19)	(0.20)	(0.114)
Emotional self-concept	5.41^b	5.52^b	5.84^a	5.96^a	10.07	< 0.001
	(1.69)	(1.78)	(1.78)	(1.69)	(0.119)
Empathy	3.88^b	4.02^a	3.95¹	3.83^{b, 2}	10.12	< 0.001
	(0.58)	(0.55)	(0.62)	(0.64)	(0.119)
Maladjustment
Aggression	1.92^a	1.83^{b, 1}	1.76^b	1.74^{b, 2}	14.75	< 0.001
	(0.50)	(0.49)	(0.47)	(0.49)	(0.144)
Hostile sexism	2.24^b	2.10^{b, 2}	2.36^{b, 1}	2.84^a	32.44	< 0.001
	(1.08)	(1.09)	(1.14)	(1.23)	(0.214)

Bonferroni test α = 0.05; a > b; 1 > 2.