. 2023 Mar 2;14:1059458. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1059458

Table 5.

Means and (standard deviations) of parenting style, univariate F-values, and (f Cohen) for adjustment (self-esteem, emotional self-concept, and empathy) and maladjustment (aggression and hostile sexism) criteria.

	Parenting style				F(3, 2,126)	Value of p
	Indulgent	Authoritative	Authoritarian	Neglectful	F(3, 2,126)	Value of p
Adjustment
Self-esteem	2.58^a	2.58^a	2.52^b	2.56^a	9.50	<0.001
	(0.19)	(0.20)	(0.20)	(0.19)	(0.116)
Emotional self-concept	5.93^a	5.59^b	5.48^b	5.55^b	9.10	<0.001
	(1.78)	(1.80)	(1.70)	(1.70)	(0.113)
Empathy	4.12^a	4.05^a	3.80^b	3.71^c	67.41	<0.001
	(0.49)	(0.51)	(0.61)	(0.65)	(0.308)
Maladjustment
Aggression	1.67^c	1.78^b	1.92^a	1.93^a	36.98	<0.001
	(0.41)	(0.47)	(0.52)	(0.51)	(0.228)
Hostile sexism	2.15^b	2.36^a	2.46^a	2.40^a	9.90	<0.001
	(1.10)	(1.15)	(1.21)	(1.13)	(0.118)

Bonferroni test α = 0.05; a > b > c.