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Reporter organoids with real-time biosensor Perceval HR to detect ATP/ADP ratio. (A) Detection of nephrotoxicity by live monitoring of ATP/ADP ratio in 2D reporter organoids treated with 2.5 μg/mL AA and 5 µM cisplatin. (B) Representative images of ATP/ADP ratio monitoring in minimized 3D reporter organoids cultured on 384-well plates. The organoids were exposed to various toxicants (2.5 μg/mL AA, 5 or 50 µM cisplatin).
