TABLE 2.

Major RCTs including JAK inhibitors for UC treatment.

Drug	RCT identifier	Patient number	Treatment phase	Duration	Dose	End point	Results
Tofacitinib	NCT01465763, NCT01458951 (14)	598 + 541	Induction	8 weeks	10 mg, bid	Clinical remission at week 8	In the OCTAVE Induction 1 trial, remission at 8 weeks occurred in 18.5% of the patients in the tofacitinib group versus 8.2% in the placebo group (P = 0.007); in the OCTAVE Induction 2 trial, remission occurred in 16.6% vs. 3.6 (P < 0.001).
	NCT01458574 (14)	593	Maintenance	52 weeks	5, 10 mg, bid	Clinical remission at week 52	In the OCTAVE Sustain trial, remission at 52 weeks occurred in 34.3% of the patients in the 5 mg tofacitinib group and 40.6% in the 10 mg tofacitinib group versus 11.1% in the placebo group (P < 0.001 for both comparisons with placebo).
	NCT03281304 (18)	140	Maintenance	6 months	5, 10 mg, bid	Clinical remission at month 6	Most patients in stable remission on 10 mg bid maintenance therapy maintained remission following dose de-escalation. For patients who dose de-escalated, those in deep endoscopic remission and those without prior TNFi failure were more likely to maintain remission.
Upadacitinib	NCT02819635, NCT03653026 (34)	474 + 522	Induction	8 weeks	45 mg, qd	Clinical remission at week 8	More patients achieved clinical remission with upadacitinib 45 mg (26% and 34 in UC1 and UC2, respectively) than in the placebo group (5% and 4 in UC1 and UC2, respectively; p < 0.0001).
	NCT02819635, NCT03653026 (34)	451	Maintenance	52 weeks	15, 30 mg, qd	Clinical remission at week 52	Clinical remission was achieved by more patients receiving upadacitinib 15 mg (42%) and upadacitinib 30 mg (52%) than those receiving placebo (12%; p < 0.0001).
Filgotinib	NCT02914522 (29)	2040	Induction	10 weeks	100, 200 mg, qd	Clinical remission at week 10	A greater proportion of patients given filgotinib 200 mg had clinical remission than those given placebo (induction study A 26.1 vs. 15.3%, p = 0.0157; induction study B 11.5% vs. 4.2, p = 0.0103). Clinical remission was not significantly different between filgotinib 100 mg and placebo at week 10.
	NCT02914522 (29)	664	Maintenance	58 weeks	100, 200 mg, qd	Clinical remission at week 58	37.2% of patients given filgotinib 200 mg had clinical remission versus 11.2% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Clinical remission was significantly different between filgotinib 100 mg and placebo by week 58 (23.8% vs. 13.5, p = 0.0420).