Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included
| Authors | Affiliation/hospital | Year | Acronyms | Registration | Blinded | Pancreatic surgeon (N) | Learning curve in LPD (N; N of LPD) | RoB-2 | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palanivelu et al. [24] | Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Center, Tamil Nadu, India | 2016 | PLOT | NCT02081131 | No | Yes (2) | Yes (2; > 25) | Some concerns | 64 |
| Poves et al. [25] | Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain | 2018 | PADULAP | ISRCTN93168938 | No | Yes (2) | Yes (1;–) | Some concerns | 61 |
| van Hilst et al. [26] | The Netherlands, multicenter | 2019 | LEOPARD-2 | NTR5689 | Patients-blinded | Yes (9) | Yes (9; > 20) | Low | 99 |
| Wang et al. [27] | China, multicenter | 2021 | TJDBPS01 | NCT03138213 | Patients-blinded | Yes (14) | Yes (14; > 104) | Some concerns | 594 |
| Total | 818 |
N number, LPD laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, RoB-2 A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials