Fig. 2.

Schematic illustration of the engineered exosomes exhibiting antitumor effects on preclinical models. After intravenous injection, the engineered exosomes carrying the therapeutic molecules arrive at the tumor site under the guide of multiple targeting molecules or a magnetic field. Then the chemotherapeutic drugs, such as PTX, the ncRNAs, such as miR-551-3p, immune molecules, such siPDL1, were released into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thereafter, the internalization of engineered exosomes led to tumor cell death, such as ferroptosis