Table 5. SF-12 (quality of life) scores in PP dataset (n=53).

*Post hoc independent sample t-test (between-group comparisons).

P value <0.05 for repeat measures ANOVA.

QoL: quality of life; PCS-12: physical domain of SF-12 QoL; MCS-12: mental domain of SF-12 QoL; SF-12: Short Form Health Survey-12; ANOVA: analysis of variance; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; PP: per-protocol

Parameter	Treatment	N	Baseline	Change from baseline on day 60		Between-group comparisons
			Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean difference (95% CI)	Test*	p-Value	Effect size - Cohen's “d” (95% CI)
QoL scores
PCS-12 score	Ashwagandha	27	11.85 (2.01)	5.30 (1.79)	1.99 (1.06 to 2.91)	4.320	<0.0001	1.187 (0.596 to 1.767)
	Placebo	26	11.69 (2.13)	3.31 (1.54)
MCS-12 score	Ashwagandha	27	17.44 (1.15)	7.30 (1.35)	2.64 (1.89 to 3.40)	7.027	<0.0001	1.931 (1.269 to 2.580)
	Placebo	26	17.08 (1.49)	4.65 (1.38)
SF-12 total score	Ashwagandha	27	29.30 (2.61)	12.59 (2.65)	4.63 (3.22 to 6.04)	6.611	<0.0001	1.817 (1.167 to 2.453)
	Placebo	26	28.77 (2.97)	7.96 (2.44)