TABLE 4.
SERS-based DNA detection techniques.
| Type of affinity assay | Determination method | LOD | DLR | References(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Probe-conjugated AuNPs | SERS/Salivary biomarkers S100 calcium binding protein p (S100 P) mRNA in saliva is a potential biomarker | 3 nM | 0–200 nM | Han et al. (2018b) |
| Au NPs probe | SERS/Colorimetry/developed dual-mode Au NPs probe | 1 cell | 100–106 cells mL-1 | Feng et al. (2019) |
| Ag NPS/SERS | SERS/The simple strategy relies on the electrostatic adhesion of DNA/RNA onto positively charged silver colloids thus providing realistic direct information of the nucleic acid | 1 pg μ/L | Guerrini et al. (2016) | |
| Polyadenine/AuNS | SERS/Developed a method for the modulation of DNA conformation from the “Lie-Down” to the “Stand-Up” conformation on a AuNS surface by adjusting the length of tip-assembled polyA grafted to the DNA sequence | 45.7 pM | 0.1–500 nM | Guo et al. (2017) |
| Silver nanoparticles and Graphene oxide-based biochips | SERS/Laser scribing method to fabricate biochips as a reusable sensor | 10−5–0−10 M | 10−10 M | Han et al. (2018a) |
| Au NPs were conjugated with oligonucleotides | SERS/Developed SERS-based vertical flow assay biosensor | 0.01–200 nM | 1.1–10 nM | Han et al. (2019) |
| Glucose oxidase (Gox) on Au & Si nanoflowers substrate | SERS/fabricated ratiometric sensor with only one Raman probe based on cascade catalytic reaction | 7.75 aM | 10 aM–100 pM | He et al. (2019) |
| DNA on the AgNPs@Si | SERS/AgNPs@Si based substrates for sensitive,specific,andmultiplexDNA detection | 1 pM–100 nm | 1 pM | Jiang et al. (2012) |
| GO-Au NPs/Raman dye | SERS/detection is based on the covalent linking of the two platforms [GO-AuNPs with probe 1 and AuNPs with probe 2 and Raman dye (Cy3) ] via hybridization | 10 µM–10 fM | 10 fM | Khalil et al. (2019) |
| Metal–organic framework coated Ag-NOF Sensor | SERS/reported that a MOF enables an Ag nanowire SERS platform to be corrosion resistant | 1 nM | ||
| Au–Ag bimetallic nanodendrites | Demonstrated SERS-based sensor that utilizes the toehold-mediated DNA displacement reaction as a target-capturing scheme | 200 fM–20 nM | 96.3 fM | Hyejeong Jang (2019) |
| GaN/Au Substrate/SERS | SERS/Detection of gene mutation-using highly active and reproducible substrate (photo-etched GaN covered with a thin layer of sputtered gold) | 6.75 pg μ/L −67.5 ng μ/L | 1 pg μ/L | Kowalczyk et al. (2019) |
| R6G + AgAu alloy + silicon microbead | SERS/proposed strategy by combining stable SERS reporter element and duplex-specific assisted signal amplification for quantitative detection | 12 fM–18 pM | 5 fM | Ma et al. (2018) |
| PDMS chips integrating silver-coated porous silicon membranes | SERS/metal–dielectric nanostructures were functionalized with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of mRNA. | 25–1 nM | 0.55–1.51 nM | Novara et al. (2017) |
| Graphene-Ag array | SERS/developed graphene-Ag array for the detection of methylated DNA and its oxidation derivatives | 200 pg genomic DNA | 1.8 pmol/L | Ouyang et al. (2017) |
| DNA hydrogel/SERS | SERS developed a novel sensor array with nine sensor units that can detect multiple miRNAs in one sample based on a target miRNA-responsive DNA hydrogel | 4–1,200 nM | 0.11 nM | Si et al. (2020) |
| Silver-coated gold nanostar | SERS/in vivo detection of nucleic acid involving the “inverse molecular sentinel” detection scheme using plasmonics-active nanostars | 5 nM | Wang et al. (2018a) | |
| Co/Au NPs | SERS/PCR/based new platform was proposed and evaluated its performance by sequentially measuring the Raman signals of DNA after the completion of different thermocycling numbers | 0.1–1,000 pM | 960 nM | Wu et al. (2020b) |
| Melamine resin/Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles | SERS/FL/dual-mode spectroscopic encoded microspheres system based on the combination of FL and SERS spectra encoding was designed for specific DNA detection | 100 uL | You et al. (2017) | |
| 10–10 mol/L | ||||
| Silica-coated/AuNPs, and Au-coated NPs with DNA probes | SERS/developed a magnetic-capture-based SERS assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple nucleic basis | 120 fM | 120–450 pM | Zhang et al. (2019a) |
| Tetracationic Bis-triarylborane | SER/designed new derivatives to investigate the influence of the linker type on DNA/RNA/protein interactions by fluorimetric titration | 10 nM | 0.5 nM–0.005 nM | Amini et al. (2020) |