TABLE 5.
ECL-based DNA detection techniques.
| Type of affinity assay | Determination method | LOD | DLR | Ref (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AuNPs/Polyamidine/CuInZnS QDs | SPR/ECL/demonstrated novel SPR enhanced ECL. PDA control the separation length and enhanced ECL response, potential charge transfer and ECL quenching- P55 gene detection | 0.03 nm/L | 1–15 nM/L | Liu et al. (2018) |
| CdS nanocrystals and gold nanoparticles | ECL/we firstly enunciated the presence of synergy effect between the electron and energy transfer in an ECL system involving the CdS NCs and Au NPs for detection of the DNA binding protein | 5pM | 0.015–150 nM | Wang et al. (2013) |
| MoS2 nanosheets/sulfur doped boron nitrogen QDs | ECL/Demonstrated distance-dependent plasmon-enhanced ECL in detail with different length DNA chains | 0.17 pmol/L | 0.5 pM–1 nM | Liu et al. (2020e) |
| Peptide nucleic acid/core-shell Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles/ | EC/miRNA sensing strategy based on the specific affinity using Fe3O4–Au–PNA probe as a new carrier in a solid-state nanopore | 10 nM | 2 nM–50 nM | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| Gold disk electrode/piranha solution | EC/Demonstrated signal amplification strategy based on copper-free click chemistry-mediated cyclic ligation of DNA | 7.7 fM | 25 fM–100 pM | Bi et al. (2020) |
| Screen printed carbon electrodes/RGO | EC/Investigated the influence exerted by the concentration of GO dispersion as a modifier for screen printed carbon electrodes on the fabrication of an EC biosensor to detect DNA hybridization | 100 nM | 10 nm to 10 µM | Chiticaru et al. (2019) |
| PDA + compounds/N, N-bis (2-(trimethylammoniumiodide) (propylene perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyldiimide (PDA+) | PEC/EC dual-mode biosensor with cationic decorated multifunctional DNA spheres in situ generated on electrode was proposed for sensitive and accurate detection of mRNA | 0.37 fM/PEC | 0.1 fM–1 nM (for PEC) | Deng et al. (2020) |
| 0.67 fM/EC | 2 Fm–500 pM (for EC) | |||
| Ti3C2Tx@FePc QDs | Electrochemical/construct a novel ultrasensitive impedimetric aptasensing system | 4.3 aM | 0.01 fM −10 pM | Zhang et al. (2020e) |
| Ga2Te3-based QD/Cs+/Li+/ | EC/In this study a Ga2Te3-based QD genosensor together with metal ions was developed | 0.4 pg/mL | 0.1–1 ng/mL | Fuku et al. (2020) |
| Antimonene/functionalized with an oligonucleotide/AuE | SPE/electrochemical/demonstrated that antimonene interacts non-covalently but strongly with oligonucleotides | 28.3 pg/uL | 0–25 ng/uL | García-Mendiola et al. (2020) |
| AuE/exosome/Probe DNA/hpDNA | EC/DPV- herein a sensitive hybridization chain reaction electrochemical assay was fabricated for the detection of exosomal microRNA-122 | 53 aM | 0.1 fM to 0.1 μM | Guo et al. (2020) |
| Carbon Nanotube-Gold Nanoparticle Nanoclusters/ | Electrochemical/biosensor combine the synergistic properties of both CNTs and AuNPs, as a promising signal amplification strategy for DNA detection | 5.2 fM | 0.1 pM–10 nM | Han et al. (2020) |
| AuE/Alumina Slurry | Electrochemical/proposed biosensor based on nest hybridization chain reaction initiated by the hybridization of two dumbbell-shaped DNA units | 3 pM | 5 pM–0.5 nM | Huang et al. (2020) |
| Poly o-cresophthalein complexone film/Glossy Carbon Electrode | EC/fabricated POCF modified electrode was and used as a sensor for the simultaneous detection of adenine and guanine as oxidation peak currents | 0.02 μM | 0.08 μM–200 μM | Jayadevimanoranjitham and Narayanan (2020) |
| Gold E/8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine | EC/Introduced triple signal amplification strategies were introduced to enhance the sensitivity of 8-OhdG | 24.34 fM | 100 fM–10 nM | Jia et al. (2020) |
| CdTe QDs Carbon ink and solid wax/electrochemical | EC cloth-based DNA sensors are developed based on Carbon ink- and solid wax | 8.74 fM | 20 fM to 5 nM | Jiang et al. (2020a) |
| SiO2/AuNPs) barcode/gold label silver | EC/method based on bio-barcode/gold label silver stain dual amplification is presented | 0.23 fM | 1 fM–10 pM | Jiang et al. (2020b) |
| Nanowires of polypyrrole | EC demonstrate the potential of nanostructured polypyrrole formed by template free as platform for amperometric detection of DNA | 0.36 aM | 1 aM–100 fM | Khoder and Korri-Youssoufi (2020) |
| Cu–Ni@N, B rGO (GO) | EC/Demonstrated electrocatalytic performance of Cu–Ni@N,B rGO toward guanine (G) and adenine (A) oxidation | 0.118 μM | 1–160 μM | Lei et al. (2020) |
| Carboxylate-Zr4+-phosphate/AgNPs | EC/proposed detection based on electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization and surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization cascade polymerization and AgNPs deposition | 0.487 aM | 1 aM–10 pM | Li et al. (2020c) |
| Cu NCs/TiO2/ECL | ECL/biosensor based on in situ generation of Cu NCs as luminophore and TiO2 as coreaction accelerator | 19.05 aM | 100 aM–100 pM | Wang et al. (2019a) |
| PFO polymer dots/ECL | ECL-based biosensor demonstrate OH -dependent ECL emission characteristic that detect mRNA | 12.2 aM | 50 aM–1.0 nM | Liu et al. (2020a) |
| Ferrocene/Au electrodes/Al2O3/electrochemical/DPV | ECL/sensing strategy utilizing cooperative proximity hybridization based on a G-quadruplex probe labeled with the thiol | 2.82 × 10−15M | 1 nM–1 fM | Liu et al. (2020d) |
| PolyA-ODNs/Rolling Motor/GTD/Electrochemical | 3D-ECL/Demonstrated DNA probe bridge act as catalytic center during sensing | 0.17 nM | 0.5 nM–1.5 μM | (Z.Liu et al., 2020) |
| Peptide nucleic acid/poly-L-lysine/ethyl glycol/dibenzocyclooctyne/Quartz Crystal Microbalance | ECL/presented the potential gain in sensitivity by the application of azido-PNA probes clicked to a PLL-OEG-DBCO adhesion layer adsorbed on Si-micropillar substrates at various pitches | (9.0 ± 0.2) pmol/cm2 | Movilli et al. (2020) | |
| 10.6 factor | ||||
| GO-wrapped Au nanostars/glossy Carbon electrodes | EC-DPV/sensing platform inspired by a functional “green” electrochemical reduction pathway | 1 × 10−20 M | 1 × 10−20 M-1x10−12 M | Rahman et al. (2020) |
| Trivalent Mg2+ dependent DNAzymes | Electrochemical Detection based on formation of trivalent DNAzyme junctions through a target-initiated catalytic hairpin assembly approach | 0.46 fM | 1 fM to 1 nM | Ren et al. (2020) |
| Capture Probe mercaptohexanol/hexanedithio monolayer | Electrochemical/designed genosensor based on mixed-self-assembled monolayers as DNA inmobilization system | 10 nM | 5·10–10 to 5·10–8 M | Sánchez-Paniagua et al. (2020) |
| CdTe QDs/Methylene blue-labeled aptamer | EC/PEC/proposed a ratiometric aptasensing strategy based on the dual-detection model with a PEC “signal-on” and an EC “signal-off” | 10 nM | 0.03–100 μM | Shen Z et al. (2020) |
| Nitrogen-doped reduced GO/glassy carbon electrode | Electrochemical/based on N-RGO/GCE sensor demonstrated electrochemical response toward the oxidation of guanineguanine | 1.38 × 10−7 M | 4.14 × 10−7–3.71 × 10−4M | Song et al. (2020a) |
| pencil graphite electrodes | EC/presented enzyme-linked DNA hybridization assay using PeGE to detect target DNA sequences in DNA fragments amplified by PCR | 40 fM | 0–50 ng/uL | Špaček et al. (2020) |
| Ti working electrode with electrodeposited Au nanostructures | EC (DPV) reported on-chip biosensor of DNA hybridization using Au NCs working electrodes | 0.97 fM | 10 fM–1 µM | Tripathy et al. (2019) |
| Nanoparticle gold ink on planar substrates Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) | Electrochemical/Designed inkjet-printing of Au NPs at planar substrates of cyclic olefin copolymer as hybridization signal probe | 60-fold higher | Trotter (2020) | |
| Copper-based metal–organic framework/graphene nanocomposite/GCE | Electrochemical/DPV/Designed Cu-MOF/ERGO/GCE electrode for the detection of guanine and adenine in real samples | 0.02–10 µM 0.005–20 µM | 20–100 µM (for guanine) | Wang et al. (2020) |
| 40–200 µM (for adenine) | ||||
| Beacons ferrocene (Fc)-A1/methylene blue -A2 | Electrochemical/Designed DNA circle capture probe with multiple target recognition domains was anchored at the top of tetrahedron DNA nanostructure | miRNA-21–18.9 aM and miRNA-155–39.6 aM | 0.1 fM–10 nM | Xu et al. (2020b) |
| Ferrocene/graphene | Electrochemical/developed a novel tetraferrocene used as homogeneous sensor probe label that provide a greater signaling potential | 8.2 fM | 20 fM–2 nM | Yin et al. (2020) |
| Hairpin DNAN | Electrochemical/developed a novel sensor via target-induced Cas12a cleaving interfacial hpDNA | 30 pM | 50 Pm–100 nM | Zhang Y et al. (2020) |
| Naphthyl phosphate. Dithiothreitol, dimethylamino propyl carbodiimide | Electrochemical a new electrochemical mmune-DNA sensing platform for DNA Mtase activity assay and inhibitor screening by catalysis-based signal amplification | 0.039 Um/L | 0.05–10 U m/L | Yin et al. (2020) |
| Nanonets of GO/Fe3O4/β-CD/PAMAM-avidin-ALP | Electrochemical DNA detection by using host-guest nanonets of GO/Fe3O4/β-CD NCs as Ab platform and PAMAM-avidin-ALP as signal amplification due to electron transfer | 3.2 pM | 0.01–50 nM | Zhou et al. (2019) |
| Gold coated magnetic nanospheres | Electrochemical/Develop 3D magnetic DNA nanospheres were synthesized and immobilized on a gold stir-bar as encoded probes for miRNA capture and signal amplification | 1.5 fM | 5 fM–2 nM | Shen X et al. (2020) |
| Rethenium tris-(bipyridine)/ECL | ECL/developed sensor for 8-oxodGuo activity assay using spermine conjugated ruthenium tris-(bipyridine) derivative (spermine-Ru) | 1 lesion in 500 DNA bases | 0–4 U/uL | Shen Z et al. (2020) |
| Gold Nanocluster-H2O2 system | ECL/based sensor was fabricated for the quantification of 5 mC, TET1 protein and β-GT activities, as well as inhibitor screening, based on the interaction of chemically excited AuNCs with H2O2 | 3.46 pM | 0.01 Nm–50 nM | Jiang et al. (2018) |