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. 2023 Feb 2;51(5):2177–2194. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad029

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 1. — Identification of candidate regulators of XIST during early human embryonic development. (A) Single cell RNA-seq data from E3 to E7 pre-implantation embryos (42) were used to probe for XIST regulators. Also shown is the timing of XIST induction along with observed XCI dynamics. (B) XIST expression was upregulated in male and female embryos from E4. RPKM: Reads Per Kilobase Million (C) Analysis of single cell expression of XIC-linked genes from E3 to E6 revealed that JPX induction precedes that of XIST. (D) JPX was expressed with comparable kinetics in male and female embryos. (E) Combined analysis of JPX and XIST expression in single cells showed that the proportion of cells expressing JPX alone decreased during development, while the percentage of cells co-expressing the two genes increased (Chi-square test). n.s., not significant, ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.