Table 5.
Disease resistance of various medicinal plants against various fish pathogens used in aquaculture.
| Medicinal plants | Common name | Against fish | Pathogen | Disease resistance | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bougainvillea glabra | Paper flower | Cyprinus carpio | Aeromonas hydrophila | yes | [183] |
| Allium hirtifolium | Mooseer | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Streptococcus iniae | yes | [184] |
| Andrographis paniculata | King of bitters | Pangasianodon hypopthalmus | Aeromonas hydrophila | yes | [185] |
| Eichhornia crassipes | Water hyacinth | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Streptococcus iniae | yes | [186] |
| Ginkgo biloba | Maidenhair trees | Cyprinus carpio | Aeromonas hydrophila | yes | [187] |
| Sargassum angustifolium | Narrow leaf weed | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Yersinia rukeri | Yes | [188] |
| Aloe barbadensis | Aloe vera | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Saprolegnia parasitica | Yes | [38] |
| Melocanna baccifera | Muli bamboo | Labeo rohita | Saprolegnia parasitica | Yes | [43] |
| Thymus vulgaris | Common thyme | Cyprinus carpio | Saprolegnia spp. | Yes | [189] |
| Phyllanthus niruri | stonebreaker | Oreochromis mossambicus | Vibrio harveyi | Yes | [190] |
| Urtica dioica | Stinging nettle | Labeo victorianus | Aeromonas hydrophila | Yes | [182] |
| Ocimum sanctum | Tulsi | Labeo rohita | Aeromonas hydrophilia | Yes | [47] |
| Euphorbia hirta | Asthma-plant | Cyprinus carpio | Aeromonas hydrophila | Yes | [191] |
| Thymus vulgaris | Common thyme | Oreochromis mossambicus | Streptococcus iniae | Yes | [192] |
| Sophora flavescens | Kushen | Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT) | Streptococcus agalactiae | Yes | [193] |
| Cynodon dactylon | Bermuda grass | Catla catla | Aeromonas hydrophilia | Yes | [194] |
| Lactuca indica | Indian lettuce | Epinephelus bruneus | Streptococcus iniae | Yes | [195] |
| Withania somnifera | Ashwagandha | Labeo rohita | Aeromonas hydrophila | Yes | [53] |
| Zingiber officinale | Ginger | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Aeromonas hydrophila | Yes | [196] |
| Aegle marmelos | Golden apple | Oreochromis mossambicus | Vibrio harveyi | Yes | [197] |
| Solanum trilobatum | Purple fruited pea eggplant | Oreochromis mossambicus | Aeromonas hydrophilia | Yes | [198] |
| Piper longum | Indian long pepper | Epinephalus tauvina | Vibrio harveyi | Yes | [199] |
| Echinacea purpurea | Purple coneflower | Oreochromis niloticus | Pseudomonas fluorescens | Yes | [200] |
| Tinospora cordifolia | Guduchi | Oreochromis mossambicus | Aeromonas hydrophila | No | [201] |
| Allium sativum | Garlic | Oreochromis niloticus | Aeromonas hydrophila | Yes | [202] |