Table 1. Electrochemical Performance of MSCs on Topology and Electrode Material.

electrode material	electrolyte	device topology	cell voltage	specific energy	specific power	ref
AC	1 M Et4NBF4/anhydrous propylene carbonate	symmetric	0–3 V	20 μWh cm–2	80 mW cm–2	(16)
TiC-CDC	2 M EMIBF4 in AN	symmetric	0–0.9 V	30 μWh cm–2	30 mW cm–2	(5)
MnO2/PEDOT:PSS–rGO@CF	Na2SO4–CMC	asymmetric	0–2.8 V	295 μWh cm–2	14 mW cm–2	(77)
porous carbon	EMIMBF4	symmetric	0–4 V	8.4 mWh cm–3	24.9 mW cm–3	(65)
porous carbon	LiTFSi	symmetric	0–2.5 V	1.53 μWh cm–2	7.92 mWh cm–2	(66)
graphene	PVA/H3PO4	symmetric	0–1 V	1.4 μWh cm–2	25 mW cm–2	(67)
graphene	PVA/LiOH	symmetric	0–1 V	51.2 μWh cm–2	0.968 mW cm–2	(31)
G-CNT	PVA/H3PO4	symmetric	0–1 V	1.36 μWh cm–2	0.25 mW cm–2	(78)
SWCNT	PVA/H3PO4	symmetric	0–0.8 V	1 μWh cm–2	20 μW cm–2	(79)
carbon nanowire	EMIMNTf2	symmetric	0–2.6 V	2.84 μWh cm–2	65.1 μW cm–2	(68)
polypperol//PEDOT	2 M KCl	asymmetric	0–1.4 V	4.3 μWh cm–2	0.36 W cm–2	(69)
polyaniline	PVA/H2SO4	symmetric	0–0.8 V	2.6 mWh cm–3	59.5 mW cm–3	(70)
polyaniline	PVA/H2SO4	symmetric	0–0.8 V	2.4 mWh cm–3	238.3 mW cm–3	(71)
VN	1 M KOH	symmetric	0–0.6 V	25 mWh cm–2	4 W cm–2	(45)
MnO2	5 M LiNO3	symmetric	0–1 V	0.05–0.1 mWh cm–2	>1 mW cm–2	(76)
Ti3C2Tx	PVA/H2SO4	symmetric	0–0.5 V	0.32 μWh cm–2	11.4 μW cm–2	(80)
Ti3C2Tx	PVA/H2SO4	symmetric	0–0.6 V	51.7 μWh cm–2	5.7 mW cm–2	(81)
hydrated RuO2	0.5 M H2SO4	symmetric	0–0.9 V	91 μWh cm–2		(82)
AC	EMIM/TFSI	symmetric	0–3 V	463.1 μWh cm–2	2.0 mW cm–2	(83)
Ti3C2Tx	1 M H2SO4	symmetric	0–1.2 V	75.5 mWh cm–3	1088 mW cm–3	(84)
VN//hRuO2	1 M KOH	asymmetric	0–1.15 V	20 μWh cm–2	3 mW cm–2	(85)
P-TiON//VN	LiCl/PVA	asymmetric	0–1.8 V	32.4 μWh cm–2	0.9 mW cm–2	(86)
Ti3C2Tx//polypyrrole/MnO2	PVA/H2SO4	asymmetric	0–1.2 V	6.73 μWh cm–2	204 μW cm–2	(87)
Ti3C2Tx//AC	PVA/Na2SO4	asymmetric	0–1.6 V	3.5 mWh cm–3	100 mW cm–3	(88)
Ti3C2Tx//rGO	PVA/H2SO4	asymmetric	0–1 V	8.6 mWh cm–3	0.2 W cm–3	(89)