Table 21.

Adsorption carbon capture processes: technology readiness level assessment and key technology vendors in 2020 (Kearns 2021)

Adsorption process	Key Vendors	Technology Readiness Level	Projects
Pressure swing adsorption/vacuum swing adsorption	Air Liquide, Air Products, UOP	9	Air products port Arthur
Temperature swing adsorption	Svante	5–7	Large pilot tests to feed studies for commercial plant
Enzyme catalyzed adsorption	CO2 solutions	6	Pilot demonstrations
Sorbent-enhanced water gas shift	ECN	5	Pilot tests, e.g., stepwise
Electrochemically mediated adsorption	R&D only	1	Lab test