Table 2.
Characteristics of women of child-bearing age and their households, 1980–1999, Northern Ecuadorian Amazon
| 1980 | 1985 | 1990a | 1995 | 1999 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WCBA (#) | 240 | 370 | 557 | 631 | 906 |
| Age (years) | 28.4 | 28.6 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 28.4 |
| Education (%)b | |||||
| None/incomplete primary | 57 | 49 | 40 | 27 | 23 |
| Primary/incomplete secondary | 38 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 66 |
| Secondary and higher | 5 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 11 |
| Marital status (%)b | |||||
| Married | 66 | 62 | 49 | 49 | 45 |
| Consensual union | 17 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 24 |
| Single | 13 | 15 | 29 | 28 | 27 |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| Born in the Oriente (%) | 7.5 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 17.7 | 21.1 |
| Family lives nearby (%) | 61.4 | 64.0 | 64.4 | 63.4 | 63.9 |
| # of Households | 209 | 291 | 358 | 472 | 650 |
| Household composition (mean) | |||||
| Under 15 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 3.1 |
| WCBA | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| All females over 15 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| All males over 15 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
| ALL | 4.2 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 7.3 |
| Land use (ha, %)e | |||||
| Forest | n/a | 39.9 | 37.2 | 32.1 | 31.1 |
| Pasture | n/a | 3.8 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 9.1 |
| Agricultural crops | n/a | 3.4 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 5.8 |
| Land owned (ha)c | 31.1 | 39.3 | 53.2 | 25.8 | 35.8 |
| Land title (%)c | 5.8 | 15.1 | 53.1 | 36.6 | 36.4 |
| Road access (%)b | 51.4 | 49.5 | 47.5 | 50.8 | 45.4 |
| Distance to road (km)b | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Health center (km)d | 22.6 | 24.0 | 25.3 | 19.2 | 18.8 |
a
Data based on 1990 survey data
b
Data were only collected for 1990 and 1999, and we assume that these values apply for the entire birth reconstruction
c
Data are available by year between 1980–1990, but only for 1999 for the second household reconstruction
d
Computed using GIS data taking into account when health centers were established and assuming the HH goes to the nearest center
e
Land-use data determined from satellite imagery in 1986, 1989, 1996, and 1999