FIGURE 1.

Strategies for SDRE. There are two basic strategies for directing adenosine deamination to a specific adenosine within a mRNA, and both require gRNAs. The left side of the figure depicts the recruitment of endogenously expressed ADAR enzymes, and the right side represents the delivery of an engineered deaminase domain from ADAR. For the second approach, the gRNA contains an element at its 5′ end (cyan ball) that specifically binds to a protein tag appended to the deaminase domain (pink line and half circle), and together they form the linkage between the gRNA and the deaminase domain.