Table 2. Characteristics of participants in the overall analysis cohort by days from symptom onset.
| Less than 5 days (n = 21) | 5 to 9 days (n = 54) | 10 to 14 days (n = 29) | 15 or more days (n = 15) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age in years (SD) | 55.4 (13.6) | 53.7 (15.5) | 56.5 (15.1) | 56.3 (13.6) |
| Symptom duration: Mean in days (range) | 2.5 (-1–4) | 6.5 (2–9) | 7.9 (2–13) | 13.3 (4–21) |
| Days between in-hospital NP swab PCR and baseline collection: mean (range) | 1.1 (-4–5) | 2.1 (0–6) | 1.9 (0–7) | 1.5 (-3–6) |
| Number of follow-up time-points per participant: mean (range) | 0.6 (0–7) | 0.5 (0–7) | 1.5 (0–7) | 1.9 (0–7) |
| # Male (%) | 13 (62%) | 31 (57%) | 15 (52%) | 8 (53%) |
| # Female (%) | 8 (38%) | 23 (43%) | 14 (48%) | 7 (47%) |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Hispanic | 6 (29%) | 35 (65%) | 16 (55%) | 9 (60%) |
| Black | 15 (71%) | 15 (28%) | 12 (41%) | 3 (20%) |
| White | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| More than one race/Other | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (20%) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 12 (57%) | 27 (50%) | 12 (41%) | 9 (60%) |
| Obesity | 8 (38%) | 24 (44%) | 14 (48%) | 10 (67%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 9 (43%) | 17 (31%) | 8 (28%) | 5 (33%) |
| Lung Disease (e.g., COPD) | 3 (14%) | 8 (15%) | 6 (21%) | 1 (7%) |
| Chronic Heart Disease | 5 (24%) | 5 (9%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (7%) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 4 (19%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| HIV | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other | 9 (43%) | 22 (41%) | 12 (41%) | 6 (40%) |
| No chronic disease | 4 (19%) | 9 (17%) | 5 (17%) | 2 (13%) |
| Smoking (%) | ||||
| Yes | 7 (33%) | 4 (7%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (7%) |
| No | 14 (67%) | 50 (93%) | 26 (90%) | 14 (93%) |
| Missing | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| COVID Vaccination History (%) | ||||
| Yes (1 dose) | 2 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Yes (2 doses) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (7%) |
| No | 11 (48%) | 43 (70%) | 24 (79%) | 11 (67%) |
| Missing | 8 (43%) | 10 (28%) | 5 (21%) | 3 (27%) |
| Sick Contacts (%) | ||||
| Yes | 10 (48%) | 34 (63%) | 21 (72%) | 9 (60%) |
| No | 6 (29%) | 14 (26%) | 6 (21%) | 4 (27%) |
| Missing | 5 (24%) | 6 (11%) | 2 (7%) | 2 (13%) |
| COVID symptoms (%) | ||||
| Cough | 12 (57%) | 37 (69%) | 17 (59%) | 9 (60%) |
| Shortness of breath | 11 (52%) | 42 (78%) | 24 (83%) | 8 (53%) |
| Fever | 8 (38%) | 34 (63%) | 18 (62%) | 8 (53%) |
| Diarrhea | 4 (19%) | 17 (31%) | 9 (31%) | 3 (20%) |
| Chest Pain | 6 (29%) | 13 (24%) | 8 (28%) | 4 (27%) |
| Chills | 7 (33%) | 18 (31%) | 11 (38%) | 5 (33%) |
| Sore throat | 0 (0%) | 3 (6%) | 3 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 6 (29%) | 18 (33%) | 8 (28%) | 2 (13%) |
| Oxygen Support Required (%) a | ||||
| None | 11 (53%) | 19 (35%) | 7 (24%) | 1 (7%) |
| Nasal Cannula | 9 (43%) | 34 (63%) | 21 (72%) | 14 (93%) |
| Non-rebreather | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (7%) |
| Non-Invasive Ventilation | 1 (5%) | 5 (9%) | 3 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| Intubation | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Missing | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
| COVID-directed Treatment a | ||||
| Antiviral b | 7 (33%) | 38 (70%) | 16 (55%) | 9 (60%) |
| Anti-inflammatory c | 6 (29%) | 34 (63%) | 23 (79%) | 8 (53%) |
| Immunotherapy d | 1 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| No Treatment | 12 (48%) | 8 (15%) | 4 (14%) | 5 (33%) |
a Status evaluated for each observation at time of specimen acquisition.
b Antiviral treatments include hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir.
c Anti-inflammatory treatments include ruxolitinib, tocilizumab and zanabrutinib.
d Immunotherapies include convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies.