Table 2. The association between serum alpha-tocopherol and lumbar spine BMD.
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 β (95% CI) P value | Model 2 β (95% CI) P value | Model 3 β (95% CI) P value | |
| Alpha-tocopherol (umol/L) | -0.0034 (-0.0041, -0.0028) <0.001 | -0.0017 (-0.0022, -0.0013) <0.001 | -0.0021 (-0.0025, -0.0017) <0.001 |
| Alpha-tocopherol categories | |||
| Q1 (7.5–15.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (15.4–17.6) | -0.0126 (-0.0222, -0.0030) 0.010 | 0.0024 (-0.0037, 0.0085) 0.440 | 0.0027 (-0.0033, 0.0086) 0.380 |
| Q3 (17.6–20.4) | -0.0434 (-0.0528, -0.0340) <0.001 | -0.0123 (-0.0183, -0.0064) <0.001 | -0.0119 (-0.0178, -0.0060) <0.001 |
| Q4 (>20.4) | -0.0480 (-0.0570, -0.0389) <0.001 | -0.0179 (-0.0237, -0.0122) <0.001 | -0.0223 (-0.0279, -0.0166) <0.001 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Subgroup analysis stratified by gender | |||
| Male | -0.0037 (-0.0046, -0.0028) <0.001 | -0.0003 (-0.0009, 0.0003) 0.358 | -0.0008 (-0.0014, -0.0002) 0.006 |
| Female | -0.0035 (-0.0044, -0.0027) <0.001 | -0.0030 (-0.0036, -0.0025) <0.001 | -0.0032 (-0.0037, -0.0026) <0.001 |
| P for interaction | 0.819 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Subgroup analysis stratified by age | |||
| 8–13 | -0.0038 (-0.0045, -0.0032) <0.001 | -0.0032 (-0.0038, -0.0026) <0.001 | -0.0027 (-0.0032, -0.0021) <0.001 |
| 14–19 | 0.0006 (-0.0000, 0.0012) 0.067 | 0.0008 (0.0001, 0.0014) 0.016 | 0.0002 (-0.0004, 0.0008) 0.546 |
| P for interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Subgroup analysis stratified by race/ethnicity | |||
| Mexican American | -0.0033 (-0.0041, -0.0025) <0.001 | -0.0027 (-0.0036, -0.0019) <0.001 | -0.0033 (-0.0041, -0.0025) <0.001 |
| Other Hispanic | 0.0030 (0.0001, 0.0060) 0.0449 | -0.0004 (-0.0021, 0.0014) 0.666 | -0.0010 (-0.0027, 0.0007) 0.260 |
| Non-Hispanic White | -0.0033 (-0.0045, -0.0022) <0.001 | -0.0018 (-0.0025, -0.0010) <0.001 | -0.0021 (-0.0028, -0.0013) <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | -0.0050 (-0.0065, -0.0035) <0.001 | -0.0020 (-0.0029, -0.0010) <0.001 | -0.0021 (-0.0030, -0.0011) <0.001 |
| Other races (Including multi-racial) | -0.0019 (-0.0046, 0.0007) 0.147 | -0.0007 (-0.0023, 0.0009) 0.368 | -0.0013 (-0.0030, 0.0003) 0.099 |
| P for interaction | <0.001 | 0.142 | 0.045 |
Model 1: no covariates were adjusted. Model 2: age, gender, and race/ethnicity were adjusted. Model 3: age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, PIR, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus. Abbreviation: BMI body mass index. BMD bone mineral density. PIR poverty income ratio.