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. 2023 Mar 2;14:1129060. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129060

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Copyright © 2023 Bertuccioli, Gervasi, Annibalini, Binato, Perroni, Rocchi, Sisti and Amatori

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Experimental design. S. salivarius K12: S. salivarius supplement; PL: placebo compound; sIgA: salivary test sessions of immunoglobulin A; Pre-Suppl: salivary tests before S. salivarius K12/PL supplementation; 30 days: S. salivarius K12/PL: period of S. salivarius K12 or PL intake; Post-Suppl: salivary tests after S. salivarius K12 or PL intake; Post-Exer 0h-24h and 72h: salivary tests immediately after training sessions, after 24 and after 72h. AM, morning session; PM afternoon session. VO_2max test session; HIT LI: long intervals of high-intensity training; HIT SI: short intervals of high-intensity training.