Table 2.
Baseline characteristics at Look AHEAD enrollment by mean HbA1c over follow-up
| Baseline characteristic | Mean HbA1c (%) over 8 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <7.0 (53 mmol/mol) (N = 2,181) | 7.0–7.9 (N = 1,296) | ≥8.0 (64 mmol/mol) (N = 697) | P value | |
| Age, years (%) | ||||
| 45–54 (23.1) | 390 (17.9) | 319 (24.6) | 259 (37.2) | <0.001 |
| 55–64 (56.9) | 1,268 (58.1) | 737 (56.9) | 375 (53.8) | |
| 65–76 (19.8) | 523 (24.0) | 240 (18.5) | 63 (9.0) | |
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Female (59.1) | 1,264 (58.0) | 760 (58.6) | 445 (63.8) | 0.02 |
| Male (40.9) | 917 (42.0) | 536 (41.4) | 252 (36.2) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (%) | ||||
| 25–29 (15.2) | 355 (16,3) | 182 (14.0) | 98 (14.1) | 0.30 |
| 30–39 (62.6) | 1,342 (61.5) | 834 (64.4) | 439 (63.0) | |
| ≥40 (22.2) | 484 (22.2) | 280 (21.6) | 160 (23.0) | |
| Diabetes duration, years (%) (missing = 27) | ||||
| 0–4 (46.6) | 1,216 (56.2) | 487 (37.8) | 229 (32.9) | <0.001 |
| ≥5 (53.4) | 946 (34.8) | 802 (62.2) | 467 (67.1) | |
| Diabetes medication (%) (missing = 41) | ||||
| Insulin (14.9) | 162 (7.5) | 248 (19.3) | 204 (29.4) | <0.001 |
| Metformin/no insulin (52.4) | 1,106 (51.3) | 720 (56.0) | 341 (49.2) | |
| Other medications/no insulin (18.8) | 445 (20.6) | 216 (16.8) | 117 (16.9) | |
| No medication (13.9) | 442 (20.5) | 101 (7.9) | 31 (4.5) | |
| History of CVD (%) | ||||
| No (86.9) | 1,921 (88.1) | 1,099 (84.8) | 607 (87.1) | 0.02 |
| Yes (13.1) | 260 (11.9) | 197 (15.2) | 90 (12.9) | |
| Intervention group (%) | ||||
| DSE (49.3) | 984 (45.1) | 697 (53.8) | 379 (54.4) | <0.001 |
| ILI (50.7) | 1,197 (54.9) | 599 (46.2) | 318 (45.6) | |
| FI | 20.22 (0.16) | 20.60 (0.19) | 21.49 (0.26) | <0.001 |
Data are N (% of column) or mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.