Figure 2.

microRNA from EVP can be suggested as a possible mechanism for the beneficial effects of exercise on cancer. EVPs content may have a central role in spreading exercise-induced active molecules, such as microRNAs. miR-486 presented an exercise-induced temporal pattern, depending on inactive or trained conditions. This dual effect can be related to adaptations since this miRNA induces a relevant modulation of the immune system. miR-486-5p might be involved in improving the recognition ability of tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural Killer cells in breast patients, while reduced levels induced in trained individuals briefly after exercising can avoid perpetuation of activation of immune responses. miR-486 may also regulate normal hematopoiesis. Anemia is one of the most common hematological conditions in cancer. Given the changes in this microRNA levels after exercise and the known role that miR-486-5p plays in hematopoietic progenitor growth and erythroid differentiation, we can infer that this miRNA may improve the hemoglobin levels seen in patients with cancer who exercise. As we described in this mini-review miR-29b, miR-21, miR-122, miR-150, miR-191, and miR-486-5p may be associated with changes in body composition as well as bone health in patients with cancer. Those exercise-responsive microRNAs may induce beneficial effects by improving bone healing, regeneration and promoting bone marrow-derived stem cells osteogenesis. In addition, circulating EVP miR-486 might be involved with exercise-induced muscle mass growth in cancer patients.