Table 2.
Relationship between MRI features and early post-operative HCC recurrence with different degrees of pathological differentiation
| Characteristics | Overall HCC | Highly-differentiated HCC | Moderately- differentiated HCC | Poorly-differentiated HCC | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ER(n = 90,%) | Non-ER(n = 87,%) | P | ER(n = 13,%) | Non-ER(n = 30,%) | P | ER(n = 46,%) | Non-ER(n = 30,%) | P | ER(n = 31,%) | Non-ER(n = 27,%) | P | |
| Non-LIRADS imaging features | ||||||||||||
| Tumor size(cm) | ||||||||||||
| ≥ 5 | 43(47.8) | 24(27.6) | 0.006* | 3(23.1) | 5(16.7) | 0.945 | 26(56.5) | 10(33.3) | 0.048* | 14(45.2) | 9(33.3) | 0.358 |
| < 5 | 47(52. 2) | 63(72.4) | 10(76.9) | 25(83.3) | 20(43.5) | 20(66.7) | 17(54.8) | 18(66.7) | ||||
| Peritumoral enhancement | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 57(63.3) | 15(17.2) | 0.000* | 4(30.8) | 4(13.3) | 0.356 | 32(69.6) | 6(20.0) | 0.000* | 21(67.7) | 5(18.5) | 0.000* |
| No | 33(36.7) | 72(82.8) | 9(69.2) | 26(86.7) | 14(30.4) | 24(80.0) | 10(32.3) | 22(81.5) | ||||
| Tumor capsule | ||||||||||||
| Complete | 13(14.4) | 42(48.3) | 0.000* | 1(7.7) | 18(60.0) | 0.002* | 5(10.9) | 17(56.7) | 0.000* | 7(22.6) | 7(25.9) | 0.766 |
| Incomplete/Without | 77(85.6) | 45(51.7) | 12(92.3) | 12(40.0) | 41(89.1) | 13(43.3) | 24(77.4) | 20(74.1) | ||||
| Tumor margin | ||||||||||||
| Smooth | 20(22.2) | 39(44.8) | 0.001* | 2(15.4) | 20(66.7) | 0.002* | 11(23.9) | 13(43.3) | 0.075 | 7(22.6) | 6(22.2) | 0.974 |
| Unsmooth | 70(77.8) | 48(55.2) | 11(84.6) | 10(33.3) | 35(76.1) | 17(56.7) | 24(77.4) | 21(77.8) | ||||
| Peritumoral hypointensity | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 52(57.8) | 10(11.5) | 0.000* | 1(7.7) | 3(10.0) | 1.000 | 31(67.4) | 3(10.0) | 0.000* | 20(64.5) | 4(14.8) | 0.000* |
| NO | 38(42.2) | 77(88.5) | 12(92.3) | 27(90.0) | 15(32.6) | 27(90.0) | 11(35.5) | 23(85.2) | ||||
| Intralesional necrosis | ||||||||||||
| Present | 65(72.2) | 45(51.7) | 0.005* | 6(46.2) | 13(43.3) | 0.864 | 36(78.3) | 16(53.3) | 0.022* | 23(74.2) | 16(59.3) | 0.227 |
| Absent | 25(27.8) | 42(48.3) | 7(53.8) | 17(56.7) | 10(21.7) | 14(46.7) | 8(25.8) | 11(40.7) | ||||
| Tumor thrombosis | ||||||||||||
| Present | 24(26.7) | 5(5.7) | 0.000* | 1(7.7) | 1(3.3) | 1.000 | 9(19.6) | 0(0) | 0.010* | 14(45.2) | 3(11.1) | 0.011* |
| Absent | 66(73.3) | 82(94.3) | 12(92.3) | 29(96.7) | 37(80.4) | 30(100) | 17(54.8) | 24(88.9) | ||||
| LI-RADS major features | ||||||||||||
| Tumor size(cm) | ||||||||||||
| < 2 cm | 10(11.1) | 18(20.7) | 0.081 | 3(23.1) | 9(30.0) | 0.925 | 6(13.0) | 3(10.0) | 0.970 | 1(3.2) | 6(22.2) | |
| ≥ 2 cm | 80(88.9) | 69(79.3) | 10(76.9) | 21(70.0) | 40(87.0) | 27(90.0) | 30(96.8) | 21(77.8) | 0.070 | |||
| Nonrim APHE | ||||||||||||
| Present | 89(98.9) | 80(92.0) | 0.063 | 13(100) | 27(90.0) | 0.542 | 46(100) | 28(93.3) | 1.531 | 30(96.8) | 25(92.6) | 0.902 |
| Absent | 1(1.1) | 7(8.0) | 0(0) | 3(7.0) | 0(0) | 2(6.7) | 1(3.2) | 2(7.4) | ||||
| Washout | ||||||||||||
| Present | 89(98.9) | 83(95.4) | 0.344 | 13(100) | 28(93.3) | 1.000 | 45(97.8) | 29(96.7) | 1.000 | 31(100) | 26(96.3) | 0.466 |
| Absent | 1(1.1) | 4(4.6) | 0(0) | 2(6.7) | 1(2.2) | 1(3.3) | 0(0) | 1(3.7) | ||||
| Enhancing capsule | ||||||||||||
| Present | 81(90.0) | 82(94.3) | 0.295 | 12(92.3) | 28(93.3) | 1.000 | 40(87.0) | 28(93.3) | 0.615 | 29(93.5) | 26(96.3) | 1.000 |
| Absent | 9(10.0) | 5(5.7) | 1(7.7) | 2(6.7) | 6(13.0) | 2(6.7) | 2(6.5) | 1(3.7) | ||||
| LI-RADS ancillary features(favoring HCC in particular) | ||||||||||||
|
Nonenhancing capsulea Mosaic architecture | ||||||||||||
| Present | 7(7.8) | 9(10.3) | 0.552 | 1(7.7) | 3(10.0) | 1.000 | 4(8.7) | 2(6.7) | 1.000 | 2(6.5) | 4(14.8) | 0.541 |
| Absent | 83(92.2) | 78(89.7) | 12(92.3) | 27(90.0) | 42(91.3) | 28(93.3) | 29(93.5) | 23(85.2) | ||||
| Nodule-in-nodule architecture | ||||||||||||
| Present | 3(3.3) | 7(8.0) | 0.302 | 0(0) | 2(6.7) | 1.000 | 2(4.3) | 2(6.7) | 1.000 | 1(3.2) | 3(11.1) | 0.508 |
| Absent | 87(96.7) | 80(92.0) | 13(100) | 28(93.3) | 44(95.7) | 28(93.3) | 30(96.8) | 24(88.9) | ||||
| Fat in mass | ||||||||||||
| Present | 4(4.4) | 5(5.7) | 0.958 | 1(7.7) | 3(10.0) | 1.000 | 2(4.3) | 2(6.7) | 1.000 | 1(3.2) | 0(0) | 1.000 |
| Absent | 86(95.6) | 82(94.3) | 12(92.3) | 27(90.0) | 44(95.7) | 28(93.3) | 30(96.8) | 27(100) | ||||
| Blood products | ||||||||||||
| Present | 18(20.5) | 9(10.3) | 0.064 | 1(7.7)) | 1(3.3) | 1.000 | 10(21.7) | 4(13.3) | 0.534 | 7(22.6) | 4(14.8) | 0.677 |
| Absent | 70(79.5) | 78(89.7) | 12(92.3) | 29(96.7) | 36(78.3) | 26(86.7) | 24(77.4) | 23(85.2) | ||||
ER early recurrence, Non-ER non early recurrence, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, LI-RADS Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System, APHE arterial phase hyperenhancement
*p < 0.05
aNone of the observations had the feature of nonenhancing capsule