. 2023 Mar 3;14:1147424. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147424

Table 2.

Likelihood ratio test and genetic parameters for 12 agronomic traits of 75 maize hybrids under three moisture regimes, namely, optimal, drought, and waterlogging.

Trait	Genetic Parameters
Trait	LRT_g	LRT_ge	$σ_{p}^{2}$	$R_{g e}^{2}$	$h_{m g}^{2}$	As	E/F	CV_g	CV_r	CV_g/CV_r
Optimal
D50A	95.49^***	12.33^***	4.60	0.12	0.93	0.96	11,807.00^***	2.32	1.72	1.34
D50S	83.10^***	19.17^***	5.80	0.16	0.92	0.96	7,061.00^***	2.40	1.77	1.36
ASI	0.15^ns	29.43^***	1.09	0.39	0.16	0.40	14.55^***	5.79	32.47	0.17
PH	6.60*	112.39^ns	297.50	0.59	0.61	0.78	221.3^***	3.91	4.87	0.81
EH	45.10^***	14.14^***	169.0	0.18	0.86	0.93	81.64^***	8.68	9.21	0.94
SPAD	0.87ns	167.65^**	33.57	0.72	0.33	0.57	58.29^***	2.86	5.63	0.50
EL	7.06^***	144.21^***	2.03	0.62	0.62	0.78	90.38^***	3.15	3.56	0.89
EG	8.14^**	145.25^***	0.12	0.60	0.63	0.79	27.43^***	3.33	3.67	0.91
KRE	14.94^***	175.24^***	1.39	0.58	0.73	0.85	20.66^ns	4.00	3.23	1.24
KNR	1.57^ns	239.05^***	12.67	0.79	0.40	0.63	48.17^***	2.95	3.71	0.79
TW	7.09^**	258.82^***	5.89	0.70	0.61	0.78	235.2^***	3.49	2.92	1.19
GY	18.19^***	274.26^***	2.08	0.62	0.75	0.86	31.48^***	9.76	5.27	184
Managed Drought Stress
D50A	10.31^**	8.71^**	7.10	0.21	0.54	0.73	201.9^***	1.54	2.11	0.72
D50S	1.89 ^ns	2.52 ^ns	5.12	0.15	0.29	0.53	245.8^***	0.73	1.92	0.38
ASI	4.18^*	23.14^***	3.87	0.35	0.38	0.62	14.99^***	14.56	23.31	0.62
PH	34.01^***	1.12 ^ns	195.3	0.06	0.78	0.88	288.3^***	6.09	5.71	1.06
EH	21.91^***	10.65^**	186.2	0.19	0.68	0.83	124.2^***	9.41	9.11	1.03
SPAD	9.10^***	9.47^***	19.16	0.23	0.51	0.31	99.31^***	5.59	7.81	0.71
EL	4.39*	30.36^***	2.04	0.39	0.38	0.62	75.96^***	3.71	5.48	0.68
EG	2.11 ^ns	67.28^***	0.11	0.58	0.30	0.53	96.11^***	3.17	4.29	0.74
KRE	16.02^***	45.13^***	1.68	0.35	0.61	0.78	0.83^ns	5.45	4.53	1.20
KNR	5.61^*	44.53^***	11.42	0.44	0.42	0.65	37.04^***	5.04	6.11	0.83
TW	8.26^**	57.25^***	5.05	0.46	0.49	0.70	18.11^***	4.96	4.33	1.09
GY	13.85^***	138.34^***	0.96	0.50	0.59	0.76	12.19^***	13.96	7.17	1.95
Managed Waterlogging Stress
D50A	7.80**	20.1^***	9.15	0.33	0.77	0.88	4.07^*	2.66	3.36	0.79
D50S	1.61 ^ns	47.31^***	13.33	0.54	0.55	0.74	1.27^ns	2.06	3.37	0.61
ASI	0.68^ns	89.31^***	4.77	0.66	0.43	0.65	0.73^ns	12.93	22.46	0.57
PH	9.08^**	0.76^ns	233.0	0.08	0.81	0.89	4.04^*	4.86	8.01	0.61
EH	4.33^*	1.00^ns	148.7	0.09	0.71	0.84	9.70^***	5.92	12.56	0.47
SPAD	17.76^***	57.76^***	26.73	0.37	0.86	0.93	139.4^***	13.24	9.67	1.37
EL	12.55^***	144.24^***	2.38	0.52	0.82	0.91	1.51^ns	6.78	3.61	1.88
EG	11.58^***	72.56^***	0.11	0.45	0.81	0.90	6.34^**	4.87	3.77	1.29
KRE	6.57^*	161.57^***	2.20	0.62	0.74	0.86	10.01^**	5.48	3.44	1.60
KNR	10.42^**	161.26^***	13.06	0.56	0.78	0.89	33.33^***	8.21	4.38	1.88
TW	5.05^*	105.18^***	6.34	0.59	0.71	0.84	49.63^***	4.81	3.95	1.22
GY	12.99^***	196.68^***	1.45	0.55	0.83	0.91	157.3^***	19.74	7.88	2.51

***significant at 0.1% (p< 0.001); **significant at 1% (p< 0.01); *significant at 5% (p< 0.05); ns, nonsignificant. LRT_g and LRT_ge, Likelihood ratio tests for genotype and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI), respectively; $σ_{p}^{2}$ , phenotypic variance; $R_{g e}^{2}$ , the coefficient of determination for GEI effects; $h_{m g}^{2}$ mg, heritability of the genotypic mean; As, the accuracy of genotype selection; E/F, the F value for environment effects; CV_g and CV_r, the genotypic and variation coefficients of variation, respectively. D50A, days to 50% anthesis; D50S, days to 50% silking; ASI, anthesis–silking interval; PH, plant height; EH, ear height; SPAD, chlorophyll content; EL, ear length; EG, ear girth; KRE, number of kernel rows per ear; KNR, number of kernels per a row; TW, test weight and GY, grain yield.