Skip to main content
. 2023 Mar 16;13:4406. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31168-9

Table 1.

Effect of water physical treatment on liver damage parameters in the rats (Mean ± SE).

Parameters Tap-water Magnetic-water Microwave-water
AST(IU/L) 130 ± 2.96b 136 ± 2.02b 198 ± 6.00a
ALT(IU/L) 41.33 ± 1.85b 40.66 ± 2.33b 92.66 ± 1.45a
ALP(IU/L) 92 ± 5.37b 103 ± 3.51b 151 ± 3.45a
GGT(IU/L) 11.69 ± 0.57 12.42 ± 0.68 12.85 ± 0.89
Total bilirubin (mg/dl) 0.13 ± 0.008b 0.14 ± 0.008b 0.22 ± 0.014a
Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) 0.05 ± 0.005b 0.04 ± 0.005b 0.11 ± 0.005a
Indirect bilirubin (mg/dl) 0.08 ± 0.008 0.10 ± 0.013 0.11 ± 0.012
Total protein (g/dl) 7.24 ± 0.39 8.60 ± 0.74 8.55 ± 0.49
Albumin (g/dl) 3.80 ± 0.33 5.12 ± 0.71 4.99 ± 0.11
Globulin (g/dl) 3.44 ± 0.11 3.48 ± 0.08 3.56 ± 0.39
Albumin/Globulin 1.10 ± 0.08 1.47 ± 0.20 1.42 ± 0.12

Values are presented as mean ± SE. Data with dissimilar letters [a (the highest) and b (the lowest)] in the same row are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05. All groups were compared to each other.