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. 2023 Mar 3;13:1143235. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1143235

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Copyright © 2023 Guo, Yang, Liu, Huang, Gu, Guo, Xuan and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The impaired osteogenic potential of SHED from patients with CCD. (A) ALP and Alizarin Red S staining of SHED after osteogenic induction. (B) Alizarin Red S staining showing mineralized nodules obviously decreased in CCD group compared with the control group (n = 5, **p < 0.01). (C) qRT-PCR analysis of the expression of ALP, COL-1, and RUNX2 after 14 d of osteogenic induction (n = 5, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). (D) Western blot analysis showing OCN and RUNX2 protein expression levels in the two groups. Scale bar: 200 μm. (E) Oil red O staining of SHED after 7 d of adipogeneic induction. (F) qRT-PCR analysis of the expression of LPL and PPAR-γ of SHED (n = 5, **p < 0.01).