Table 1.
Study characteristics of participants with hypertension in NHANES 2007–2014 according to HEI-2010 scores quartiles (n = 6,690)a.
| Characteristics | HEI-2010 scores | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | P value | |||||
| Range | 14.0–44.1 | 44.1–53.9 | 53.9–64.1 | 64.1–98.8 | ||
| Patients, n | 6,690 | 1,668 | 1,682 | 1,667 | 1,673 | |
| Age, years | 55.91 ± 0.25 | 50.61 ± 0.45 | 55.36 ± 0.52 | 57.89 ± 0.48 | 59.93 ± 0.42 | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Women | 3,471 (51.90) | 751 (45.03) | 851 (48.92) | 881 (51.96) | 988 (59.87) | |
| Men | 3,219 (48.10) | 917 (54.97) | 831 (51.08) | 786 (48.04) | 685 (40.13) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2,922 (43.70) | 762 (66.41) | 769 (70.30) | 690 (69.51) | 701 (69.18) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1,862 (27.80) | 535 (18.61) | 474 (15.07) | 449 (13.93) | 404 (12.43) | |
| Mexican American | 824 (12.30) | 185 (6.53) | 191 (5.59) | 258 (7.30) | 190 (5.10) | |
| Other race | 1,082 (16.20) | 186 (8.45) | 248 (9.05) | 270 (9.26) | 378 (13.28) | |
| BMI, kg m2 | 31.18 ± 0.13 | 32.08 ± 0.19 | 31.50 ± 0.27 | 31.12 ± 0.22 | 29.95 ± 0.19 | <0.001 |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Below high school | 1,926 (28.80) | 538 (23.75) | 493 (20.63) | 499 (20.29) | 396 (15.28) | |
| High school | 1,685 (25.20) | 478 (30.00) | 461 (27.72) | 405 (24.08) | 341 (19.96) | |
| Above high school | 3,079 (46.00) | 652 (46.25) | 728 (51.65) | 763 (55.63) | 936 (64.76) | |
| Recreational activity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Inactive | 4,060 (60.70) | 1,142 (64.72) | 1,077 (58.82) | 997 (54.90) | 844 (45.90) | |
| Moderately active | 1,819 (27.20) | 371 (25.68) | 425 (28.68) | 462 (30.26) | 561 (34.10) | |
| Vigorously active | 811 (12.10) | 155 (9.60) | 180 (12.50) | 208 (14.84) | 268 (20.00) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Never smoker | 3,452 (51.60) | 708 (45.40) | 825 (49.85) | 909 (53.09) | 1,010 (57.65) | |
| Former smoker | 1,966 (29.40) | 420 (23.30) | 494 (29.50) | 529 (33.43) | 523 (33.87) | |
| Current smoker | 1,272 (19.00) | 540 (31.29) | 363 (20.65) | 229 (13.48) | 140 (8.48) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-drinker | 2,671 (39.90) | 650 (35.02) | 639 (31.44) | 686 (32.50) | 696 (33.49) | |
| Low-to-moderate drinker | 2,996 (44.80) | 646 (41.91) | 741 (49.40) | 789 (54.82) | 820 (57.53) | |
| Heavy drinker | 1,023 (15.30) | 372 (23.07) | 302 (19.16) | 192 (12.68) | 157 (8.97) | |
| Total energy intakes, n | <0.001 | |||||
| Q1 (<2,702) | 1,673 (25.00) | 349 (15.45) | 381 (17.67) | 446 (21.24) | 497 (24.43) | |
| Q2 (2,702–3,591) | 1,671 (25.00) | 332 (19.24) | 421 (25.33) | 449 (26.13) | 469 (27.20) | |
| Q3 (3,591–4,644) | 1,673 (25.00) | 413 (26.67) | 441 (26.06) | 397 (26.23) | 422 (28.66) | |
| Q4 (≥4,644) | 1,673 (25.00) | 574 (38.64) | 439 (30.94) | 375 (26.39) | 285 (19.72) | |
| Blood pressure level, n (%) | 0.630 | |||||
| SBP/DBP <160/100 mmHg | 5,976 (89.30) | 1,493 (90.97) | 1,511 (91.64) | 1,469 (90.48) | 1,503 (91.64) | |
| SBP/DBP ≥ 160/100 mmHg | 714 (10.70) | 175 (9.03) | 171 (8.36) | 198 (9.52) | 170 (8.36) | |
| Anti-hypertensive medicine use, n (%) | 0.100 | |||||
| No | 5,579 (83.40) | 1,428 (86.04) | 1,402 (83.99) | 1,374 (83.50) | 1,375 (81.77) | |
| Yes | 1,111 (16.60) | 240 (13.96) | 280 (16.01) | 293 (16.50) | 298 (18.23) | |
| CVD, n (%) | 1,280 (19.10) | 330 (15.68) | 315 (15.95) | 340 (17.69) | 295 (15.82) | 0.580 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2,079 (31.10) | 441 (21.39) | 503 (24.60) | 589 (27.50) | 546 (25.72) | 0.010 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 5,359 (80.10) | 1,322 (81.09) | 1,321 (78.73) | 1,379 (83.82) | 1,337 (80.62) | 0.080 |
a
Continuous variables are described as mean (SE). Categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages). Complex survey designs were considered in all estimates. BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Q, quartile; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.