Table 3.
Stratified analyses of the associations between HEI-2010 scores and all-cause mortality among participants with hypertension.
| Characteristic | HEI-2010 scores HR (95% CI) a | P-trend | P-interactionb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 14.0–44.1 | Q2 44.1–53.9 | Q3 53.9–64.1 | Q4 64.1–98.8 | |||
| Age, y | 0.649 | |||||
| <60 (n = 3,205) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.59, 1.37) | 0.83 (0.52, 1.33) | 0.78 (0.44, 1.39) | 0.338 | |
| ≥60 (n = 3,485) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.68, 1.00) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.06) | 0.73 (0.57, 0.93) | 0.034 | |
| Sex | 0.090 | |||||
| Women (n = 3,471) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.73, 1.26) | 0.82 (0.61, 1.10) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.161 | |
| Men (n = 3,219) | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.57, 0.98) | 0.78 (0.62, 1.00) | 0.59 (0.42, 0.83) | 0.002 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.961 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white (n = 2,922) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.68, 1.03) | 0.76 (0.60, 0.97) | 0.66 (0.49, 0.88) | 0.003 | |
| Others (n = 3,768) | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.58, 0.98) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.07) | 0.69 (0.50, 0.94) | 0.040 | |
| Education | 0.617 | |||||
| Below/high school (n = 3,611) | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.66, 1.00) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.13) | 0.81 (0.62, 1.06) | 0.216 | |
| Above high school (n = 3,039) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.62, 1.23) | 0.68 (0.46, 1.01) | 0.56 (0.39, 0.82) | 0.001 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.793 | |||||
| <30 (n = 3,319) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.86 (0.64, 1.16) | 0.70 (0.52, 0.93) | 0.011 | |
| ≥30 (n = 3,371) | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.56, 0.93) | 0.66 (0.49, 0.88) | 0.70 (0.49, 1.00) | 0.043 | |
| Recreational activity | 0.126 | |||||
| Inactive (n = 4,060) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.04) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.01) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) | 0.025 | |
| Active (n = 2,630) | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.46, 1.03) | 0.51 (0.34, 0.77) | 0.50 (0.32, 0.77) | 0.002 | |
| Drinking status | 0.660 | |||||
| Non-drinker (n = 2,671) | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.54, 0.88) | 0.70 (0.55, 0.88) | 0.64 (0.49, 0.84) | 0.003 | |
| Drinker (n = 4,019) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.72, 1.31) | 0.86 (0.62, 1.18) | 0.67 (0.48, 0.92) | 0.006 | |
| Smoking status | 0.022 | |||||
| Never (n = 3,452) | 1.00 | 0.61 (0.46, 0.82) | 0.70 (0.54, 0.92) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.81) | 0.0139 | |
| Former/Current (n = 3,238) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.75, 1.16) | 0.76 (0.59, 0.97) | 0.62 (0.46, 0.84) | <0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.132 | |||||
| No (n = 1,331) | 1.00 | 0.56 (0.34, 0.94) | 0.82 (0.51, 1.31) | 0.50 (0.30, 0.85) | 0.036 | |
| Yes (n = 5,359) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.69, 1.09) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) | 0.71 (0.54, 0.93) | 0.007 | |
| Diabetes | 0.444 | |||||
| No (n = 4,611) | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.61, 0.98) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.94) | 0.64 (0.48, 0.87) | 0.007 | |
| Yes (n = 2,079) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.65, 1.31) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.20) | 0.75 (0.51, 1.10) | 0.100 | |
| CVD | 0.138 | |||||
| No (n = 5,410) | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.66, 1.00) | 0.68 (0.54, 0.85) | 0.62 (0.47, 0.80) | <0.001 | |
| Yes (n = 1,280) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.62, 1.17) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.39) | 0.84 (0.60, 1.19) | 0.516 | |
| Blood pressure level | 0.910 | |||||
| SBP/DBP <160/100 (n = 5,976) | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.67, 0.98) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | 0.71 (0.56, 0.91) | 0.007 | |
| SBP/DBP ≥ 160/100 (n = 714) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.47, 1.67) | 0.71 (0.42, 1.22) | 0.50 (0.28, 0.91) | 0.011 | |
| Anti-hypertensive drug use | 0.664 | |||||
| No (n = 5,579) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.72, 1.15) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.06) | 0.72 (0.54, 0.95) | 0.012 | |
| Yes (n = 1,111) | 1.00 | 0.47 (0.29, 0.76) | 0.52 (0.34, 0.80) | 0.72 (0.54, 0.95) | 0.035 | |
Data are expressed as HRs (95% CIs) adjusted for age (continuous), sex (men or women), ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, and other race), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), BMI (continuous), smoking status (never smokers, former smoker, and current smokers), drinking status (non-drinker, low-to-moderate drinker, and heavy drinker), recreational activity (inactive, moderately active, and vigorously active), total energy intakes (in quartiles), blood pressure level (SBP/DBP ≥ 160/100 mmHg or SBP/DBP <160/100 mmHg), anti-hypertensive medicine use (yes or no), hyperlipidemia (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), and CVD (yes or no). We did not include the strata variable in the model when stratifying by itself.
The interaction between continuous HEI-2010 scores and stratification variables was examined using the Wald test.