Table 4.
HR for all-cause mortality according to HEI-2010 components scores among participants with hypertension in NHANES 2007–2014a.
| HEI 2010 components | Receive max scoreb, % | Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | Model 3 HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adequacy | ||||
| Total fruit** | 25.12 (23.24,27.00) | 0.73 (0.58,0.93)+ | 1.07 (0.85,1.35) | 0.98 (0.78,1.24) |
| Whole fruit** | 35.90 (33.15,38.64) | 0.67 (0.55,0.80)+ | 0.90 (0.74,1.11) | 0.88 (0.72,1.08) |
| Total vegetables*** | 27.03 (24.71,29.34) | 0.64 (0.53,0.79)+ | 0.71 (0.58,0.88)+ | 0.71 (0.57,0.88)+ |
| Greens and beans** | 20.84 (19.03,22.65) | 0.67 (0.55,0.80)+ | 0.76 (0.63,0.92)+ | 0.77 (0.63,0.94)+ |
| Whole grains**** | 6.39 (5.63,7.15) | 0.79 (0.66,0.94)+ | 0.94 (0.78,1.13) | 0.91 (0.76,1.09) |
| Dairy*** | 12.95 (11.42,14.48) | 0.99 (0.79,1.24) | 1.02 (0.82,1.27) | 1.04 (0.83,1.29) |
| Total protein foods* | 67.14 (62.63,71.65) | 0.75 (0.65,0.87)+ | 0.75 (0.66,0.86)+ | 0.75 (0.66,0.85)+ |
| Seafood and plant proteins** | 34.00 (31.27,36.72) | 0.60 (0.49,0.74)+ | 0.75 (0.61,0.93)+ | 0.76 (0.62,0.94)+ |
| Fatty acids***** | 15.25 (13.80,16.71) | 0.78 (0.68,0.90)+1 | 0.81 (0.69,0.95)+ | 0.79 (0.68,0.93)+ |
| Moderation | ||||
| Refined grains*** | 23.77 (21.46,26.08) | 0.79 (0.66,0.94)+ | 0.94 (0.78,1.13) | 0.91 (0.76,1.09) |
| Sodium**** | 5.12 (4.46,5.78) | 0.96 (0.82,1.14) | 1.09 (0.90,1.32) | 1.10 (0.92,1.33) |
| Empty calories****** | 16.43 (15.06,17.80) | 0.71 (0.59,0.85)+ | 0.78 (0.64,0.94)+ | 0.75 (0.62,0.90)+ |
aData are expressed as HRs (95% CIs) adjusted for age (continuous), sex (men or women), ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, and other race), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), BMI (continuous), smoking status (never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers), drinking status (non-drinker, low-to-moderate drinker, and heavy drinker), recreational activity (inactive, moderately active, and vigorously active), total energy intakes (in quartiles), blood pressure level (SBP/DBP ≥ 160/100 mmHg or SBP/DBP <160/100 mmHg), anti-hypertensive medicine use (yes or no), hyperlipidemia (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), and CVD (yes or no).
bWeighted proportions of participants who obtained the maximum component score for each component of HEI-2010.
*Those with a maximum score of 5, 10, or 20 compared to those with a score below it (e.g., max vs. <max).
**Those with a maximum score of 5, 10, or 20 compared to those with a score of zero (e.g., max vs. zero).
***Those with a maximum score of 5, 10, or 20 compared to those with a score below the 25th percentile (e.g., max vs. below the 25th percentile).
****Those with above minimum score compared to those with a score of zero (e.g., min <vs. zero).
*****Those with a score above the 50th percentile compared to those with a score below the 50th percentile.
******Those with a score above the 75th percentile compared to those with a score below the 25th percentile.
+ P-value <0.05.