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. 2023 Mar 4;6:100477. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100477

Table 1.

Identification of PCs in craft beers from different countries.

Reference Type of beer Technique Compounds identified
Anderson et al. (2021) From the United States LC-QTOF-MS Catechin, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, esculin, myricetin, quercetin, vanillin, naringin, and naringin
Breda et al. (2022) From Portugal HPLC Gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin, gallocatechin, epicatechin, quercetin, catechin and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside
Cortese et al. (2020) Ego, Alter, Triplo Malto, Ubi, Fiat Lux” and Maior HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Gallic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, isoxanthohumol, 8-prenylnaringenin, catechin, xanthohumol, cohumulone, humulone, colupulone, and lupulone
dos Santos et al. (2020) Made with brown, red and black rice. HPLC–ESI-MS Peonidin, cyanidin, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside
Marques et al. (2017) Brown Pote, Classic American Pilsner, Irish Red Ale and American Pale Ale HPLC-DAD Gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid
Nardini and Garaguso (2020) Made with fruit and fruit by-products HPLC-DAD Chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and ferulic acid
Petrucci et al. (2020) American Pale Ale, India Pale Ale and Amber Ale HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol
Silva et al. (2021) From Brazil HPLC-DAD Caffeic acid, epicatechin, trans-ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, formononetin, kaempferol, quercetin, catechin and hydrated rutin
Zapata et al. (2019) Made with quince of different varieties HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-coumaroylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-coumaroylquinic acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid

LC: liquid chromatography, HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography, QTOF: quadrupole time-of-flight, MS: mass spectroscopy, DAD: diode array detector, ESI: electrospray ionization, PDA: photodiode array detector.