Fig. 8.

Schematic illustration of the therapeutic function of iPSC-sEVs on aged ischemic stroke through alleviating microglia senescence. Senescent microglia in aged brain became prodominant pro-inflammatory activation compared to microglia in young brain, which increased the death of neuron and aggravated injury in aged ischemic stroke compared to young ischemic stroke. Treatment with iPSC-sEVs alleviated microglia senescence and promoted microglia activation from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype via reversing the loss of Rictor and p-AKT (s473) in senescent microglia, which reduced the death of neuron and improved the outcome of aged ischemic stroke.