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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Stat Assoc. 2018 Jun 28;114(525):184–197. doi: 10.1080/01621459.2017.1389739

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Toy example of directed graphs with four nodes and two external covariates. U1 is continuous and U2 is binary. The edge thickness is proportional to its strength of association.