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. 2023 Mar 17;30(7):973–984. doi: 10.1038/s41417-023-00604-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A The human S100A8 binds to human TLR4/MD-2 complex. TLR4/MD-2 recombinant proteins were immobilized to the ELISA plate. After blocking, a full length or deletion mutant of S100A8 was added to the plate. The more detailed methods are described in Materials and Methods. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 compared with full length of S100A8. B A series of overlapping S100A8 synthetic peptides. The TLR4/MD-2 recombinant proteins were added to each well of peptide immobilized plates. The affinity to TLR4/MD-2 was determined. Data are shown as mean ± SD. C The competitive activity was determined using ELISA. Data are shown as mean ± SD. D The TLR4/MD-2 was mixed with S100A8 with/without the indicated peptides, and immunoprecipitated using an anti-TLR4 antibody. TLR4 or S100A8 was visualized. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments. E Peptide #3 reduces the expression of S100A8-mediated IL-8 induction. Total RNAs from SW480 cells with/without treatment of the peptide candidates were extracted and qPCR analysis was performed using relevant primer sets and SYBR green. Relative expression levels were compared. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 compared with treatment of S100A8. F Peptide #3 suppresses S100A8-mediated IL-8 secretion in SW480 cells. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 compared with treatment of S100A8.