Table 2. Cognitive development of children born to adolescent mothers according to child HIV status (n = 920).
| Mullen Scales of Child Development (n = 920; Mean [SD]) | Total sample (n = 920) | HIV (n = 11) | HEU (n = 189) | HU (n = 720) | F, p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Learning Composite Score | 93.2 (21.3) | 73.0 (17.6)a,b | 91.2 (22.7) | 94.1 (20.8) | 6.45, 0.001 |
| Gross Motor* | 49.9 (12.5) | 45.4 (15.3) | 47.6 (13.5)a | 50.5 (12.2) | 3.91, 0.02 |
| Visual Reception | 42.1 (14.3) | 29.9 (10.6)a,b | 41.3 (14.2) | 42.6 (14.3) | 4.77, 0.009 |
| Fine Motor | 43.7 (14.5) | 30.8 (10.2)a,b | 41.7 (15.1) | 44.4 (14.3) | 7.09, 0.0009 |
| Receptive language | 47.4 (13.5) | 40.4 (16.4) | 46.5 (14.8) | 47.8 (13.0) | 2.14, 0.12 |
| Expressive language | 51.5 (13.3) | 39.6 (9.3)a | 50.7 (14.2) | 51.8 (13.0) | 4.94, 0.007 |
*Gross motor n = 831 (HIV = 9, HEU = 163, HU = 659)| Individual domain scores range from 20–80 | Early Learning Composite Score ranges from 49–155 | Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests undertaken to identify mean differences between groups:
aStatistically different from the HU group (p = <0.05),
bStatistically different from the HEU group (p = <0.05)