| Human resources: need for better trained manpower; more equipment; tick experts and taxonomists |
Institutional capacity for morphological and molecular tick identification was built in partner institutes and within the health system (training of district entomologists). Tick taxonomy resources were developed that will be made publicly available |
| Improved surveillance: need for active surveillance; surveillance for disease, vectors and hosts |
WP3b provided risk maps and models that were integrated into a desk-based App “KFDExplorer” to improve targeting of surveillance. WP3a advanced understanding of the ecological communities most strongly linked to KFD and developed protocols for tick and small mammal surveillance. |
| Better diagnostic facilities |
Not a direct research project aim but OneHealth network can advise on location/type of facilities |
| Better communication: real-time reporting; social media use |
Part of experimentation phase |
| Funding for research and action |
Not a direct research project aim but opportunities were communicated through the OneHealth network |
| Better understanding of disease ecology: alternative hosts and vectors; seasonality; tick movement; tick distribution; tick ID and taxonomy |
Ecological surveys and research advanced this understanding, and produced Tick Information cards (see above). Published review of the ecological evidence base for current KFD management for disease managers [55]. |
| Vaccines and vaccination innovations: better quality/efficacy/single dose; availability; shelf life |
Not a direct research project aim |
| Multi-sectoral coordination: better communication and coordination |
Stakeholder workshops; WhatsApp groups, establishing a OneHealth network |
| Raise profile of KFD and hence generate political will for KFD control and management |
Project members engaged with a wide range of media outlets to raise awareness of KFD and attended National and State level government technical committees on KFD to provide advice and describe the OneHealth approach |
| Improved knowledge, awareness and better practices for KFD management |
Tick Information cards produced and video in progress–see above). Review of the ecological evidence base for current KFD management (see above). |
| Improve detection of at-risk human populations early |
Ecological surveys and spatial risk models improve understanding of the landscape conditions favouring spill-over, whilst the household survey indicated livelihood risk factors and activities for KFD |
| Restrict human-forest interface wherever feasible |
Covered in household surveys as part of raising awareness. Analysis of ecological data to identify important non-forest interfaces (other than forest) affecting human spill-over dynamics. |
| Remove invasive species |
Ecological surveys measured links between invasive plants, tick abundance and KFD |
