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. 2021 Nov 12;1(11):e0000049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000049

Table 3. Unweighted descriptive sample statistics comparing complete cases (included in analysis) to those excluded from analysis due to missingness in Round 2.

Missing Cases Complete Cases P *
n/N % n/N %
Socio-demographics
Age <0.001
 ≤30 years 4,116/9,713 42.4 7,212/20,088 35.9
 31+ years 5,597/9,713 57.6 12,876/20,088 64.1
Sex <0.001
 Female 2,810/9,481 29.6 5,547/20,088 27.6
 Male 6,671/9,481 70.4 14,541/20,088 72.4
Education <0.001
 Secondary or less 3,338/9,447 35.3 5,685/20,088 28.3
 Post-secondary 6,109/9,447 64.7 14,403/20,088 71.7
Residence 0.001
 Rural 995/8,578 11.6 2,065/20,088 10.3
 Urban 7,583/8,578 88.4 18,023/20,088 89.7
Psychosocial factors
Very good or excellent health 4,865/9,260 52.5 10,701/20,088 53.3 0.242
Perceived effectiveness of handwashing to prevent COVID-19 4,211/11,023 38.2 9,009/20,088 44.9 <0.001
Personal action important for slowing COVID-19 spread 2,238/3,070 72.9 14,831/20,088 73.8 0.275
Knew someone diagnosed with COVID-19 1,611/1,781 90.5 18,285/20,088 91.0 0.421
Perceived norms: personal action is important for slowing COVID-19 spread 1,086/1,776 61.2 11.444/20,088 57.0 0.001
Practiced handwashing to prevent COVID-19, past week 2,984/3,879 76.9 16,680/20,008 83.0 <0.001

*P-values estimated using unweighted chi-square tests of association, comparing complete to missing cases.