Table 5. Multivariable logistic estimates of handwashing by socio-demographic and ideational factors at Round 2 (N = 20,088)*.
| Adj. OR | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics | |||
| Age | |||
| ≤30 years | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| >30 years | 1.25 | 1.15–1.35 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||
| Women | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| Men | 0.71 | 0.64–0.78 | <0.001 |
| Education | |||
| Secondary or less | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| Post-secondary | 1.62 | 1.49–1.77 | <0.001 |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | 1.00 | Ref. | |
| Urban | 0.96 | 0.85–1.09 | 0.543 |
| Ideational factors | |||
| Very good or excellent health | 0.95 | 0.87–1.03 | 0.210 |
| Perceived effectiveness of handwashing to prevent COVID-19 | 2.17 | 2.00–2.36 | <0.001 |
| Personal action important for slowing COVID-19 spread | 2.93 | 2.60–3.31 | <0.001 |
| Knew someone diagnosed with COVID-19 | 1.28 | 1.18–1.40 | <0.001 |
| Perceived norms around personal action for slowing COVID-19 spread | 0.87 | 0.79–0.95 | 0.001 |
*Logistic estimates adjusted for country (modeled as a fixed effect) and all covariates presented in the table.