Table 2. Strategies to reach adult and adolescent populations with an M72/AS01E-like candidate.
| Target population | China | India | South Africa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescents † | Implementation | Mitigate this routinely into a school-based immunization program- piggyback to HPV. | School based mass vaccination program and community based. | Routine or mass vaccination program. Mitigate this into school-based immunization program- piggybacking to HPV. |
| Expected to start | Likely to be started ranging from 6 months to 5 years. | Could be implemented within 6 months | Could be implemented straight away to 2 years. | |
| Coverage | Ranging 30–100%, achieved within months to 8 years. | Ranging 80–85%, achieved within 1–2 years. | Ranging 30% to 95%, achieved within 1–2 years | |
| Socially vulnerable groups | Implementation | Low SES, prisons, drug users and high-density population: Routine and mass vaccination upon health visit and through outreach. | Slums, migrants, vulnerable groups, alcoholics: Mass vaccination through periodic screening. | Migrants, men (unemployed), miners, poor people, people living in high-risk area: Routine and mass vaccination upon health visit and trough workplace |
| Expected to start | Could be implemented right away | Could be implemented 6 months- 1 years | Could be implemented within months to 2 years | |
| Coverage | Coverage ranging from 5 to 40%, achieved short term. Strategy needs to be overlapped with 6 | Coverage ranging 50–80%, achieved in 2 years. | Coverage ranging 50–95%, achieved in 2 years | |
| General adults | Implementation | Routine vaccination at community level, outreach, or primary care level. | Routine vaccination through adult’s vaccination program, outreach, or primary care level. | Mass vaccination at clinics, |
| Expected to start | Could be implemented right away for 3 years. | Could be implemented right away to 6 months—1 year. | Implementation within 1 year. | |
| Coverage | Coverage ranging 20–50%, achieved within 3–10 years. | Coverage ranging 10–90%. | Coverage 40–60%, within 1–3 years | |
| Older people ** | Implementation | Routine vaccination through TB screening at community clinic years | Routine upon health visit or mass vaccination through outreach and primary care or private | Not mentioned |
| Expected to start | Could be implemented right away to 6 years | Could be implemented 6 months- 1 years | ||
| Coverage | Coverage ranging 30–95%%, achieved within 1–10 years | Coverage ranging 10–65%, achieved within 1–10 years | ||
| PLHIV | Implementation | Routine at visit art local treating hospital for ART or mass vaccination at outreach through screening, both through ART program | Routine at visit local treating hospital for ART or mass vaccination trough ART program | Routine at visit art local treating hospital for ART |
| Expected to start | Could be implemented right away to 5 years | Could be implemented 3 months to 1 year | Could be implemented 6 months to 2 years | |
| Coverage | Coverage ranging 5–100%, achieved within 1–5 years. | Coverage ranging 70–95%, achieved within 6 months to 1 year. | Coverage ranging 60–80%, achieved within 6 months to 1 year. | |
| Biological high-risk group | Implementation | 4.c Diabetics, immunocompromised: Routine vaccination upon health visit. | Comorbid patients, Diabetics, malnourished, low BMI. Mass vaccination through outreach based on priority list per districts and have phases months. | People in chronic care (egg diabetes and hypertension): Routine vaccination upon health visit. |
| Expected to start | Could be implemented 3–4 years. | Could be implemented 6 months- 2 years. | Could be implemented 18 months- 2 years. | |
| Coverage | Coverage ranging 40–80%, achieved in 2 years. | Coverage between 60–70%, achieved in 2 years | ||
| Health Care workers | Implementation | Routine vaccination at vaccine clinic. | Mass vaccination at clinic. | Routine vaccination through vaccination program. |
| Expected to start | Could be implemented 6 months after policy recommendation/ registration. | Could be implemented within 3 months. | Could be implemented 1–2 years. | |
| Coverage | Coverage 70–80%, within 2–3 years. | Coverage 50%, within 1 years. | Coverage ranging from 60–90%, within 3 years. | |
| High risk contacts | Implementation | TB and HCW contacts: Mass vaccination arranged through contact investigation. | TB household contacts and cured TB patients: Routine and mass vaccination through clinical follow up and contact investigation at primary care. | Not mentioned |
| Expected to start | Could be implemented within 3–5 months | |||
| Coverage | Coverage ranging from 60–70%, achieved 10 months-1 years |
PLHIV = people living with HIV; SES = socioeconomic status; HCW = health care workers; ART = antiretroviral treatment; HPV = human papilloma virus
† = Suggested age ranged from 6–18, 10–13, 8–12
** = seniors, 65+, old age groups