Table 1. Criteria for considering records or reports for this review.

Criteria	Inclusion	Exclusion
Type of record or report	◻ Any empirical research:     ◻ Original study     ◻ Evaluation study     ◻ Knowledge synthesis     ◻ Government document	◻ Editorial (commentary, letter, note) ◻ Conference abstract ◻ Protocol ◻ Retraction ◻ Non-English and non-French reports
Participants	◻ Any organization (e.g., regions, clinical sites, communities) or system (e.g., district health system) involved in the delivery or receipt of health care or services	◻ The intervention is not intended to be used for a health organization or a health system ◻ The intervention is not intended to be used in the field of health
Intervention	◻ Any intervention (e.g., practice, product, procedure, strategy, method) covering at least one of the 13 elements of health systems	◻ The study did not describe an intervention ◻ The intervention did not cover any of the 13 elements of health systems
Outcomes	◻ Any metrics or indicators related to at least one of the four capacities of health systems:     ◻ Access to essential services     ◻ Quality of care     ◻ Demand for essential services     ◻ Resilience of a health system	◻ The intervention is not intended to be used to improve capacities of health systems in terms of access to essential services, quality of care, demand for essential services, or resilience of a health system
Setting	◻ Any African country ◻ Any low-income region ◻ Any lower-middle-middle region	◻ Only high-income or upper-middle-income regions outside Africa were targeted for the intervention