Table 3. Factors associated with willingness to use HIVST among MSM from Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, 2018.

	Brazil		Mexico		Peru
Variable	Crude PR (95% CI)	Adjusted aPR (95% CI)a	Crude PR (95% CI)	Adjusted aPR (95% CI)a		Crude PR (95% CI)	Adjusted aPR (95% CI)a
Sociodemographic
Age (years)
18–24	0.80	0.94 (0.86–1.02)	0.89	1.11 (0.97–1.27)		0.80	1.22 (0.97–1.54)
≥ 25 years	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.	Ref.
Race/skin color
White	Ref.	Ref.	NA	NA		Ref.	b
Non-white c	0.91	1.00 (0.93–1.06)	NA	NA		1.03	B
Monthly incomed
Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.	Ref.
Middle	1.34	1.33 (1.23–1.43)	1.17	1.15 (1.00–1.33)		1.20	1.10 (0.86–1.39)
High	1.66	1.79 (1.62–1.99)	1.41	1.49 (1.26–1.76)		1.72	1.97 (1.41–2.75)
Educational level
< High school	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.	Ref.
≥ High school	1.34	1.24 (1.15–1.33)	1.19	1.13 (1.00–1.31)		1.43	1.42 (1.07–1.88)
Recruitment
GSN App	1.08	1.11 (1.00–1.23)	0.96	b		1.08	b
Facebook	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
Sexual behavior
Sexual attraction
Men	1.03	b	1.10	b		1.07	b
Men and women	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
Steady partner (yes vs. no)
Yes	1.06	b	1.01	b		1.00	b
No	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
Use apps for sex
Never/sometimes	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	Ref.
Daily	1.03	b	1.11	b		1.29	1.43 (1.17–1.75)
HIV Perceived riske
Low	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
High	1.02	b	1.06	b		1.06	b
HIRI-MSM scale f
Low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
High	1.05	1.06 (1.00–1.14)	1.07	b		1.00	b
Sex under the influence of alcohol g
Yes	1.04	b	1.12	1.13 (1.01–1.27)		1.10	b
No	Ref.	b	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.	b
Chemsex g
Yes	1.00	b	1.09	b		1.01	b
No	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
Transactional sex g
Yes	0.80	0.85 (0.73–0.99)	1.13	b		1.14	b
No	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
STI diagnoses
Yes	0.99	b	1.06	b		1.00	b
No	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
HIV/STI testing and prevention
HIV testing
At least once lifetime	1.11	b	0.98	b		1.17	b
Never	Ref.	b	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.	b
HIVST awareness
Yes	1.05	b	0.93	0.80 (0.70–0.91)		0.90	b
No	Ref.	b	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.	b
PEP use
Yes	0.99	b	1.06	b		1.18	b
No	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
PrEP awareness
Yes	1.10	b	1.08	b		1.27	b
No	Ref.	b	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
Willingness to use PrEP
Yes	1.21	1.19 (1.12–1.28)	1.45	1.44 (1.27–1.63)		1.68	1.72 (1.40–2.11)
No	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.	Ref.
Ever used PrEP
Yes	0.86		1.19	b		1.15	b
No	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	b		Ref.	b
Barriers to HIVST
“I would not trust in HIVST in comparison to HIV testing from the clinic or health center”	0.91	0.90 (0.88–0.93)	0.87	0.80 (0.76–0.84)		0.87	0.82 (0.74–0.90)
“I would be afraid to use HIVST alone”	0.90	0.91 (0.88–0.93)	0.92	b		0.89	0.92 (0.85–0.99)
“I would feel ashamed if someone knew I am using an HIVST”	0.99	b	0.90	0.96 (0.92–0.99)		0.93	b
“I would know how to deal with a positive result, if I used HIVST”	1.10	1.11 (1.08–1.14)	1.18	1.21 (1.15–1.27)		1.20	1.22 (1.12–1.33)
“I think the majority of people would have difficult to deal with a positive result”	1.03	1.09 (1.05–1.14)	1.06	1.08 (1.02–1.14)		1.07	1.14 (1.03–1.27)
“I think the pre-test counseling with a health professional is essential”	0.94	0.95 (0.91–0.98)	1.06	b		1.02	b
“I think the post-test counseling with a health professional is essential”	1.02	1.13 (1.08–1.18)	1.29	1.37 (1.29–1.48)		1.18	1.33 (1.16–1.52)