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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 17.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2021 Nov 9;122(2):2487–2649. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

(Left) Simulated cyclic voltammograms using DigiElech simulation software for three common mechanisms. The currents are normalized. (Top) ErCi mechanism: increasing the scan rate (from ν = 0.1 (red) to 1 (green) to 10 V•s−1 (blue)) restores reversibility (rate constant for the Ci step k = 5 s−1). (Middle) CrEr mechanism: the faster the forward rate constant of the Cr step, the more reversible the voltammogram (Keq = 0.1, kf = 1 (blue), 10 (dark green), 100 (lime green), 1000 s−1 (red)). (Bottom) ErEr mechanism: as the separations between the two reduction potentials (ΔE1/2) decreases, the peaks merge to become a single two-electron peak. ΔE1/2 = −0.05 (dark blue), 0 (light blue), 0.05 (dark green), 0.1 (lime green), 0.15 (orange), and 0.2 V (red). Figure reproduced from ref 63. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society.