Table 1. Background characteristics of the respondents, BDHS 2004- BDHS 2017/18.
| BDHS 2004 (N = 5,361) | BDHS 2007 (N = 4,870) | BDHS 2011 (N = 7,272) | BDHS 2014(N = 4,597) | BDHS 2017/18 (N = 4,993) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at birth of the last child | |||||
| ≤19 years | 26.93 (25.51–28.39) | 27.16 (25.61–28.76) | 25.90 (24.73–27.12) | 28.06 (26.39–29.79) | 25.23 (23.86–26.65) |
| 20–34 years | 66.14 (64.6–67.64) | 66.34 (64.73–67.92) | 68.48 (67.20–69.74) | 67.60 (65.80–69.34) | 70.53 (69.05–71.97) |
| ≥35 years | 6.94 (6.23–7.71) | 6.5 (5.75–7.35) | 5.61 (5.01–6.28) | 4.34 (3.65–5.16) | 4.23 (3.68–4.87) |
| Maternal educational status | |||||
| Illiterate | 36.91 (34.72–39.15) | 26.12 (23.88–28.49) | 19.26 (17.65–20.98) | 14.15 (12.26–16.27) | 6.27 (5.45–7.21) |
| Primary | 30.33 (28.88–31.82) | 30.86 (29.12–32.66) | 30.18 (28.69–31.70) | 27.91 (26.05–29.86) | 27.72 (25.94–29.58) |
| Secondary | 27.44 (25.70–29.26) | 36.36 (34.10–38.67) | 43.17 (41.02–45.25) | 47.71 (45.16–50.28) | 49.02 (47.19–50.85) |
| Higher | 5.33 (4.58–6.18) | 6.66 (5.70–7.78) | 7.39 (6.53–8.36) | 10.23 (9.01–11.59) | 16.99 (15.53–18.56) |
| Maternal working status | |||||
| Engaged in formal work | 18.47 (16.75–20.32) | 27.67 (25.27–30.20) | 10.18 (9.16–11.30) | 23.68 (21.60–25.89) | 37.38 (35.23–39.57) |
| Not engaged in formal work | 81.53 (79.68–83.25) | 72.33 (69.80–74.73) | 89.82 (88.70–90.84) | 76.32 (74.11–78.40) | 62.62 (35.23–39.57) |
| Partner’s education | |||||
| Illiterate | 39.46 (37.28–41.68) | 34.23 (32.19–36.34) | 28.60 (26.80–30.46) | 23.83 (21.44–26.39) | 13.60 (12.20–15.12) |
| Primary | 27.03 (25.44–28.67) | 28.20 (26.73–29.73) | 29.05 (27.66–30.47) | 29.98 (27.99–32.04) | 22.83 (32.11–35.59) |
| Secondary | 23.76 (22.17–25.43) | 26.29 (24.50–28.16) | 29.35 (27.83–30.91) | 31.79 (29.38–34.30) | 34.17 (32.52–35.85) |
| Higher | 9.75 (8.68–10.94) | 11.27 (10.08–12.59) | 13.01 (11.89–14.21) | 14.41 (13.05–15.87) | 18.41 (16.92–19.99) |
| Partner’s occupation | |||||
| Agriculture worker | 30.64 (28.20–33.19) | 29.44 (26.72–32.30) | 28.08 (26.13–30.13) | 25.66 (22.86–28.66) | 19.60 (17.96–21.36) |
| Physical worker | 41.02 (38.76–43.32) | 43.25 (40.82–45.72) | 42.18 (40.26–44.12) | 44.02 (41.65–46.42) | 53.50 (51.57–55.42) |
| Services | 2.83 (2.37–3.39) | 3.71 (3.13–4.39) | 5.46 (4.73–6.30) | 5.94 (5.02–7.02) | 5.87 (5.11–6.74) |
| Business | 22.58 (20.80–24.46) | 20.80 (19.15–22.55) | 21.86 (20.41–23.39) | 21.63 (19.94–23.41) | 20.81 (19.35–22.34) |
| Other | 2.92 (2.40–3.56) | 2.81 (2.13–3.69) | 2.41 (2.02–2.88) | 2.76 (2.01–3.77) | 0.22 (0.11–0.44) |
| Total child ever born | |||||
| 1–2 | 53.49 (51.70–55.27) | 58.97 (5.71–60.81) | 63.45 (61.88–64.99) | 70.24 (68.03–72.37) | 71.50 (69.90–73.05) |
| >2 | 46.51 (44.73–48.30) | 41.03 (39.19–42.90) | 36.55 (35.01–38.12) | 29.76 (27.63–31.97) | 28.50 (26.95–30.10) |
| Exposure to mass media | |||||
| Little exposed | 31.69 (29.30–34.19) | 36.88 (34.26–39.58) | 35.18 (32.92–37.51) | 38.07 (35.15–41.09) | 34.29 (31.87–36.79) |
| Moderately exposed | 22.94 (21.67–24.26) | 22.50 (21.11–23.97) | 48.70 (46.64–50.76) | 48.15 (45.56–50.75) | 55.23 (52.94–57.51) |
| Highly exposed | 45.36 (43.02–47.73) | 40.62 (38.22–43.06) | 16.12 (14.94–17.37) | 13.78 (12.40–15.28) | 10.47 (9.40–11.65) |
| Antenatal care use | |||||
| No use | 44.22 (41.46–47.02) | 39.90 (37.10–42.77) | 35.50 (33.37–37.69) | 21.45 (18.63–24.58) | 8.03 (7.00–9.19) |
| 1–3 visits | 39.87 (37.89–41.88) | 39.50 (37.46–41.57) | 40.70 (38.98–42.44) | 47.38 (45.10–49.67) | 45.10 (43.11–47.11) |
| ≥ 4 visits | 15.90 (14.27–17.69) | 20.60 (18.47–22.91) | 23.80 (22.20–25.49) | 31.17 (28.60–33.86) | 46.87 (44.64–49.12) |
| Household wealth status | |||||
| Poorest | 23.99 (21.86–26.25) | 21.79 (19.49–24.27) | 22.05 (10.15–24.08) | 21.62 (18.97–24.53) | 20.66 (18.62–22.86) |
| Poorer | 20.73 (19.27–22.27) | 21.38 (19.77–23.08) | 19.97 (18.77–21.23) | 18.91 (17.24–20.71) | 20.51 (19.00–22.12) |
| Middle | 19.58 (18.18–21.07) | 18.97 (17.26–20.81) | 19.83 (18.54–21.18) | 19.12 (17.16–21.25) | 19.28 (17.75–20.91) |
| Richer | 18.43 (16.79–20.19) | 19.60 (17.69–21.66) | 19.69 (18.20–21.27) | 20.66 (18.60–22.89) | 20.16 (18.42–22.02) |
| Richest | 17.27 (15.36–19.36) | 18.26 (16.32–20.39) | 18.46 (16.97–20.05) | 19.69 (17.22–22.42) | 19.39 (17.48–21.44) |
| Place of residence | |||||
| Urban | 20.59 (18.99–22.29) | 21.12 (19.79–22.52) | 23.29 (22.10–24.53) | 26.11 (23.49–28.92) | 26.76 (25.07–28.53) |
| Rural | 79.41 (77.71–81.01) | 78.88 (77.48–80.21) | 76.71 (75.47–77.90) | 73.89 (71.08–76.51) | 73.24 (71.47–74.93) |
| Region of residence | |||||
| Barishal | 6.18 (5.30–7.20) | 6.38 (5.82–6.99) | 5.83 (5.28–6.32) | 5.80 (4.83–6.95) | 5.72 (5.15–6.35) |
| Chattogram | 20.55 (19.27–21.89) | 20.95 (19.22–22.78) | 21.64 (20.48–22.84) | 21.75 (19.32–24.39) | 21.08 (19.42–22.84) |
| Dhaka | 30.90 (29.03–32.83) | 31.74 (29.84–33.70) | 31.46 (30.05–32.90) | 35.45 (31.25–39.88) | 25.62 (23.89–27.44) |
| Khulna | 11.19 (10.28–12.17) | 10.22 (9.26–11.28) | 9.69 (9.06–10.37) | 8.05 (7.14–9.06) | 9.22 (8.37–10.16) |
| Mymensingh | 8.54 (7.68–9.49) | ||||
| Rajshahi | 23.82 (22.06–25.67) | 22.88 (20.96–24.92) | 13.52 (12.40–14.73) | 10.02 (8.84–11.35) | 11.59 (10.35–12.97) |
| Rangpur | 10.96 (10.26–11.71) | 9.73 (8.17–11.56) | 10.64 (9.59–11.80) | ||
| Sylhet | 7.36 (6.46–8.38) | 7.83 (6.43–9.50) | 6.90 (6.45–7.37) | 9.20 (7.03–11.96) | 7.57 (6.71–8.53) |