Table 2. Demographics and clinical characteristics of full Mildmay Cohort and CA Cohort as of September 2020.
| Panel A | ||
| Characteristic | CA Cohort | Full Mildmay Cohort |
| N | 320 | 15,777 |
| Age (years) | 38.3 | 38.5 |
| (0.709) | (0.109) | |
| Male (%) | 36.5 | 35.6 |
| (2.69) | (0.381) | |
| Years at Mildmay | 11.4 | 7.93 |
| (0.214) | (0.042) | |
| Years on ART | 10.2 | 7.34 |
| (0.198) | (0.038) | |
| Undetectable viral load (%) | 87.1 | 85.4 |
| (1.86) | (0.281) | |
| Panel B | ||
| Characteristic | CA Cohort | |
| N | 320 | |
| English Preferred Language (%) | 26.2 | |
| (2.45) | ||
| Literate (%) | 57.9 | |
| (2.76) | ||
| Completed Secondary School (%) | 54.6 | |
| (2.78) | ||
| In Relationship (%) | 53.7 | |
| (2.78) | ||
| Monthly Income (USD) | 37.3 | |
| (3.30) | ||
| Employed (%) | 62.1 | |
| (2.71) | ||
| Time to Reach Clinic (Hours) | 1.99 | |
| (0.074) | ||
| Food Insecure (high %) | 19.6 | |
| (2.22) | ||
| Depressed (%) | 6.87 | |
| (1.41) | ||
| Impatient (%) | 76.8 | |
| (2.35) | ||
| Present Biased (%) | 9.68 | |
| (1.65) | ||
| Comfortable Disclosing Status (%) | 74.3 | |
| (2.44) | ||
| Adherence last month (scale %) | 73.5 | |
| (0.015) | ||
| Intrinsic Motivation Scale | 6.68 | |
| (0.028) | ||
Notes Panel A: Data are from the electronic health records at Mildmay as of September 2020. Standard errors in parentheses. Viral load measures were based on recent viral load tests done prior to that; undetectable viral load refers to percentage of clients who are virally suppressed (defined as having less than 200 copies/mL).
Notes Panel B: Data are from the BEST study survey. Standard errors in parentheses. The electronic health data do not have relevant data for a variety of other data and/or measures obtained from the study survey which is why this panel excludes data on other participants not in the CA sample. Adherence was based on most recent MEMS reading prior to survey and expressed as a share of prescribed pills that were taken each day (calculated by dividing the number bottle openings on each day by the number of doses prescribed). Survey-based measures are noted below:
• Food Insecurity is based on responses to five survey questions on access to food at the level of the household and the associated constraints on ability to obtain adequate quantity of food (adapted from the Food Insecurity Experience Scale). We defined the levels as low (raw score 0–3), and high (raw score 4–5) based on whether the respondent responded affirmatively to questions on cutting the size of meals or skipping a meal, gone a whole day without eating, been hungry but couldn’t eat because they did not have money to buy food, not been sure where getting next meal, or felt worried or stressed about not having a reliable source of food.
• Depression was measured using the nine-item depression scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, with each item scored on a Likert scale with symptoms rated as 0 (not at all), 1 (several days), 2 (more than half the days) and 3 (nearly every day). Those scoring more than 10 were categorized with major depression (or categorized as “Depressed”).
• Intrinsic Motivation Scale is a multidimensional self-report, Likert-type rating scale used to assess motivational structures for targeted activities (such as adherence) and scored using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory which is the average across all the items in each of three sub-scales.
• For the behavioral economics questions, we categorized respondents as being present-biased if there was a discrepancy between preferences in waiting for same money at two different time periods. We defined respondents as being impatient if they did not want to wait for the larger sum of money.
• MEMS-measured adherence can suffer from measurement problems. We excluded participants who were unable or unwilling to use their MEMS caps. Like in other studies, we found that a negligible proportion of the sample pocketed doses to take them later in the day (especially if they were on a two-dose a day regimen) and so that they did not have to carry their pill bottle with them.