Table 3. Results of studies quantifying catastrophic financial circumstances.

Study	Scope	Summary statistics	Key conclusions
Kimman (2015)	Prevalence of death and financial catastrophe, defined as out-of-pocket medical costs exceeding 30% of annual income, in the year following a cancer diagnosis	Death: 29% Alive financial catastrophe: 48% Alive no financial catastrophe: 23%	•A minority of people experienced neither death nor financial catastrophe in the year following a cancer diagnosis
			•Both death and financial catastrophe were significantly associated with proximity to death and baseline socioeconomic status
			•Insurance was also protective against financial catastrophe
Prinja (2018)	Prevalence of death and financial catastrophe, defined as exceeding 40% of non-subsistence expenditure, among hospital inpatients	All, financial catastrophe: 78% Died, financial catastrophe: 92% Alive, financial catastrophe: 75%	•Very high prevalence of financial catastrophe among both decedents and survivors
			•Prevalence higher in intensive care unit among survivors, and higher in high dependency unit among decedents
			•Medicines account substantively for costs, showing that purchasing schemes could reduce financial catastrophe