Table 2. Summary of studies included in a systematic literature review to collate evidence for the global prevalence and clinical manifestation of chikungunya infection among children.
| Number of studies (%) | |
|---|---|
| Study design | |
| Case reports | 55 (38.7) |
| Case series | 18 (12.7) |
| Cross-sectional studies | 36 (25.4) |
| Longitudinal studies | 29 (20.4) |
| Surveillance | 3 (2.1) |
| Unspecified | 1 (0.7) |
| Regions represented | |
| Africa | 24 (16.9) |
| Asia | 54 (38.0) |
| Europe | 5 (3.5) |
| North and Central America | 19 (13.4) |
| South America | 32 (22.5) |
| Oceania | 1 (0.7) |
| Unspecified | 7 (4.9) |
| Study Setting | |
| Hospital/health centre | 111 (78.2) |
| Community | 20 (14.1) |
| Unspecified | 11 (7.7) |
| Season | |
| Epidemic | 59 (41.5) |
| Non-epidemic | 8 (5.6) |
| Epidemic/Non-epidemic | 1 (0.7) |
| Unspecified | 74 (52.1) |
| Sex | |
| Female only | 11 (7.7) |
| Male only | 25 (17.6) |
| Both female and male | 49 (34.5) |
| Unspecified | 57 (40.1) |
| Case definition | |
| IgM positive | 36 (25.4) |
| CHIKV RNA positive | 31 (21.8) |
| IgM positive and CHIKV RNA positive | 9 (6.3) |
| IgM positive or CHIKV RNA positive | 18 (12.7) |
| Unspecified | 48 (33.8) |
| Age categories | |
| Infants (<1 year) | 47 (33.1) |
| Children (1-12 years) | 14 (9.9) |
| Teenagers/adolescents (13-18 years) | 10 (7.0) |
| Mixed (0-18 years) | 68 (47.9) |
| Unspecified | 3 (2.1) |
| Viral strain | |
| Asian | 1 (0.7) |
| West African | 0 (0) |
| ECSA | 11 (7.7) |
| Unspecified | 130 (91.5) |
CHIKV: Chikungunya virus. IgM: Immunoglobulin M. ECSA: East/Central and South Africa