Table 2.
Sample characteristics (N=560).
| Characteristics | Participants, n (%) | ||
| Sex (N=557)a | |||
|
|
Male | 237 (42.5) | |
|
|
Female | 320 (57.5) | |
| Age (years) | |||
|
|
18-29 | 83 (14.8) | |
|
|
30-39 | 228 (40.7) | |
|
|
40-49 | 249 (44.5) | |
| Income (JPY/US $)b | |||
|
|
<6 million (<44,551.20) | 350 (62.5) | |
|
|
≥6 million (≥44,551.20) | 210 (37.5) | |
| Employment (N=547)c | |||
|
|
Part-time/temporary worker or unemployed | 174 (31.8) | |
|
|
Permanent employee | 294 (53.8) | |
|
|
Not in the labor force | 79 (14.4) | |
| Depressive symptoms | |||
|
|
No | 384 (68.6) | |
|
|
Yes (PHQ-9d>=10) | 176 (31.4) | |
| Suicidal ideatione | |||
|
|
No | 391 (69.8) | |
|
|
Yes | 169 (30.2) | |
| Loneliness | |||
|
|
Not lonely (3-item loneliness<6) | 284 (50.7) | |
|
|
Lonely (3-item loneliness≥6) | 276 (49.3) | |
aExcluded 3 participants.
bJPY 1=US $ 0.0074.
cExcluded 13 participants.
dPHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
eParticipants were categorized as “Yes” for the suicidal ideation question if they answered that they were bothered by thoughts that they would be better off dead or of hurting themselves in some way several days or more during the past 2 weeks in item 9 of the PHQ-9.