Table 1. Characteristics of household contacts ≥15 years of age and of their index participants and households*.
| Index Participant or Household N = 279 |
Household Contacts N = 712 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%) | N | (%) | |
| Individual Characteristics | ||||
| Country (Number of Sites): | ||||
| Botswana (1) | 10 | (4%) | 20 | (3%) |
| Brazil (1) | 10 | (4%) | 17 | (2%) |
| Haiti (1) | 14 | (5%) | 37 | (5%) |
| India (2) | 58 | (21%) | 170 | (24%) |
| Kenya (1) | 7 | (3%) | 12 | (2%) |
| Peru (2) | 51 | (18%) | 130 | (18%) |
| South Africa (7) | 120 | (43%) | 301 | (42%) |
| Thailand (1) | 9 | (3%) | 25 | (4%) |
| Sex: | ||||
| Male | 163 | (58%) | 263 | (37%) |
| Female | 116 | (42%) | 449 | (63%) |
| Age (years): | ||||
| median (range) | 36 (18, 74) | 34 (15, 90) | ||
| IQR | (26, 45) | (24, 49) | ||
| 15–24 | 62 | (22%) | 190 | (27%) |
| 25–34 | 64 | (23%) | 171 | (24%) |
| 35–49 | 103 | (37%) | 175 | (25%) |
| ≥50 | 50 | (18%) | 176 | (25%) |
| Smoking Status: | ||||
| Current | 62 | (22%) | 156 | (22%) |
| Previous | 62 | (22%) | 54 | (8%) |
| Never | 155 | (55%) | 502 | (71%) |
| HHC Incarcerated Sometime in Past 12 Mos.a | ||||
| Yes | 20 | (3%) | ||
| No | 684 | (96%) | ||
| Missing | 8 | (1%) | ||
| HHC Used Alcohol Almost Every Day Sometime in Past 12 Mos.a | ||||
| Yes | 57 | (8%) | ||
| No | 647 | (91%) | ||
| Missing | 8 | (1%) | ||
| HHC Used Other Substances (Marijuana, Cocaine, etc.) Sometime in Past 12 Mos.a | ||||
| Yes | 58 | (8%) | ||
| No | 651 | (91%) | ||
| Missing | 3 | (<1%) | ||
| HIV Status: | ||||
| HIV-infected | 101 | (36%) | 59 | (8%) |
| HIV-uninfected | 150 | (54%) | 515 | (73%) |
| Unknown | 28 | (10%) | 138 | (18%) |
| History of Previous TB Treatment: | ||||
| Yes | 147 | (53%) | 80 | (11%) |
| No/Unknown | 132 | (47%) | 632 | (89%) |
| Duration of Index Participant Treatment at Enrollment (weeks) | ||||
| Median (range) | 9 (0, 27) | 9 (0, 33) | ||
| IQR | (3, 17) | (4, 18) | ||
| TB Preventive Treatment: | NA | |||
| Current | 1 | (<1%) | ||
| Previous | 8 | (1%) | ||
| Never | 690 | (97%) | ||
| Unknown | 13 | (2%) | ||
| Any Signs or Symptoms Consistent with TB for HHC: | NA | |||
| Yes | 166 | (24%) | ||
| No | 538 | (76%) | ||
| Cavitations on Chest X-rayb: | ||||
| Yes | 79 | (28%) | 7 | (1%) |
| No | 102 | (37%) | 658 | (93%) |
| Unknown | 98 | (35%) | 46 | (6%) |
| Sputum Smear Status (at Diagnosis for Index Participant and Current for HHC)b: | ||||
| Positive | 131 | (47%) | 13 | (2%) |
| Negative | 61 | (22%) | 170 | (24%) |
| Unknown | 87 | (31%) | 521 | (74%) |
| Confirmation of TB by Phenotypic or Molecular Test: | ||||
| Yes | 279 | (100%) | 22 | (3%) |
| No/Not Done | 0 | (0%) | 690 | (97%) |
| Index Participant Drug Susceptibility Profileb: | ||||
| INH Resistant, RIF Resistant | 207 | (74%) | ||
| INH Unknown, RIF Resistant | 59 | (21%) | ||
| INH Susceptible, RIF Resistant | 12 | (4%) | ||
| INH Indeterminate, RIF Resistant | 1 | (<1%) | ||
| IGRA Result: | NA | |||
| Positive | 471 | (67%) | ||
| Negative | 215 | (31%) | ||
| Indeterminate/Borderline | 4 | (1%) | ||
| Unknown | 14 | (2%) | ||
| Household Characteristics | ||||
| Number of Household Members (including Index Participant) | ||||
| median (range) | 5 (2, 22) | |||
| IQR | (3, 6) | |||
| Dwelling Type: | ||||
| Brick, Cement, or Concrete House | 199 | (71%) | ||
| Tin Shack, Prefab House, or Container | 60 | (22%) | ||
| Other (Mud, Mud & Stone, Plastic, Sand, Wood, Adobe, Wendy) | 18 | (6%) | ||
| Unknown | 2 | (<1%) | ||
| Flooring Material: | ||||
| Hardwood; Asphalt or Vinyl Tile; Ceramic Tile; Carpet | 118 | (42%) | ||
| Planks; Cement; Dirt; Other | 159 | (57%) | ||
| Unknown | 2 | (1%) | ||
| Exterior Wall Material: | ||||
| Brick, Cinderblock, Stone with Mortar | 212 | (76%) | ||
| Adobe, Rammed Earth, Sticks/Stones and Mud, Wood, Straw, Tin, Other | 65 | (23%) | ||
| Unknown | 2 | (1%) | ||
| Smoking in Household: | ||||
| Yes | 96 | (34%) | ||
| No | 178 | (64%) | ||
| Relationship of Index Participant to HHC and Exposure Characteristics | ||||
| Relationship of IP to HHC: | ||||
| Spouse | 60 | (9%) | ||
| Son/Daughter | 127 | (18%) | ||
| Mother | 55 | (8%) | ||
| Father | 37 | (5%) | ||
| Other | 425 | (60%) | ||
| Sleeping Proximity of IP to HHC: | ||||
| Same Room, Same Bed | 84 | (12%) | ||
| Same Room, Different Bed | 156 | (22%) | ||
| Different Room | 464 | (66%) | ||
| Sleeping Proximity/Evenings per Week with IP: | ||||
| Same Room/Any | 240 | (34%) | ||
| Different Room/6-7 | 327 | (46%) | ||
| Different Room/3-5 | 48 | (7%) | ||
| Different Room/≤2 | 89 | (13%) | ||
Abbreviations and definitions: IP, index participant; HHC, household contact; %, percentage; N, number; IQR, interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles); range (minimum and maximum); NA, not available; Mos., months; IGRA, interferon-gamma release assay; INH, isoniazid; RIF, rifampin.
Percentages do not always add to 100% due to rounding. Minimum age of index participants was 18 years. HHCs with documented active TB before study entry did not have data collection on incarceration, TB symptoms, or HIV status; they also did not have chest x-ray, specimen collection for IGRA, TB diagnostics, or HIV testing.
a All self reported. Incarceration is defined as having spent a night in jail, prison, youth detention center; alcohol use as period of drinking alcoholic beverages almost every day; and substance use as any use of substances (marijuana, cocaine, etc.). All use a recall period of 12 months.
b For index participants, TB diagnostic data (including chest x-rays, AFB smear results, TB confirmation, and drug susceptibility results) were obtained from routine TB programs performed at the time of TB diagnosis, which occurred before study entry. Test results obtained from routine labs (molecular, phenotypic, or both) are shown. Some programs used Xpert MTB/RIF alone and therefore have only RIF susceptibility results. The majority of index participants did not have susceptibility testing done for any fluoroquinolones or second-line injectable drugs.