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. 2023 Jan 9;32(1):18–36. doi: 10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00142
Level Biofeedback frequency Mode of elicitation Stimulus complexity
1 100% Imitate clinician's model 1 syllable simple
2 50% Imitate clinician's model 1 syllable simple
3 50% Read independently 1 syllable simple
4 50% Read independently 1 syllable with competing /l/ or /w/
5 0% Read independently 1 syllable with competing /l/ or /w/
6 0% Imitation with prosodic manipulation 1 syllable with competing /l/ or /w/
7 0% Imitation with prosodic manipulation 2 syllables simple
8 0% Independent reading with prosodic manipulation 2 syllables simple
9 0% Independent reading with prosodic manipulation 2 syllables with competing /l/ or /w/
10 0% Independent reading with prosodic manipulation Words in carrier phrases
11 0% Independent reading with prosodic manipulation Words in sentences
12 0% Independent reading with prosodic manipulation Sentences with multiple /r/ targets

Note. Parameters (represented in columns) change on a rotating basis between levels; the parameter that was changed in a given level is in bold.